Türkiye Yüzme Şampiyonası Seçmelerine Katılan 11-12 Yaş Yüzücülerin Barajı Geçme Durumlarına Göre Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankara ilinde yapılan Türkiye Yüzme Şampiyonası vize yarışlarına katılan 11‑12 yaş grubundaki sporcuların fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya katılımı kabul eden 84 sporcuya antropometrik testler, esneklik, disklere dokunma testi, el kavrama kuvveti testi, 30 s. mekik ve 30 s. şınav testi, 30 m sprint, aerobik kapasite testleri uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların kulaç frekansları, il içi vize yüzme yarışlarında kaydedilmiş olan videolar analiz edilerek belirlenmiştir. Shapiro‑Wilk testi sonuçlarına göre, veriler normal dağılım göstermediği için gruplar arası farklılıkların incelenmesinde Mann-Whitney U testi, ilişki düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Spearman rho testi kullanılmıştır. Erkek yüzücülerin baraj geçme durumları ile boy uzunluğu, esneklik, dominant el kavrama kuvveti, dominant olmayan el kavrama kuvveti, 30 m sürat koşusu, kol açıklığı ve kulaç frekansı değişkenleri arasında; kız yüzücülerin baraj geçme performansları ile otur eriş testi, dominant ve dominant olmayan el kavrama kuvveti, 30 m sürat koşusu, disklere dokunma ve kulaç frekansı arasında p<0,01 düzeyinde anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yüzme performansında en etkili olan parametrenin kulaç frekansı olduğu görülmüştür. Esneklik ve 30 metre koşusunun hem kızlar hem de erkeklerde yüzme performansına önemli etkisi varken, erkeklerde vücut boyunun ve kol açıklığının performans üzerinde etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. VO2max, vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ oranı ve vücut kütle indeksi gibi aerobik ve antropometrik verilerin cinsiyet ve yaşa göre etkisi görülmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antropometri, kulaç frekansı

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of 11 – and 12-year-old Swimmers Participated in the Turkish Swimming Championship Qualification Round

The aim of this study was to assess the physical and physiological characteristics of 11 – and 12-year-old swimmers who participated in the Turkish Swimming Championship qualification round held in Ankara. Anthropometric measurements, flexibility, plate tapping, handgrip strength, 30 m sprint, and 20 m shuttle run tests were applied to the subjects. Stroke rates of the participants were measured by analysing the video recorded during the qualification round. Since Shapiro-Wilk results revealed that the data did not meet the assumption of normality, Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the differences between groups and Spearman’s rho to assess the correlation between variables. It was found that there were significant differences (p<.01) between male swimmers’ heights, sit and reach performances, dominant and nondominant hand grip strengths, 30 m sprint times, stroke lengths and stroke frequencies by qualification status. There were significant differences (p<.01) between female swimmers’ sit and reach performances, dominant and non-dominant hand grip strengths, 30 m sprint times, plate tapping times and stroke frequencies. It was found that the most effective parameter in swimming performance was the stroke frequency. Flexibility and 30-meter dash had significant effects on swimming performances in both males and females. In males, body height and arm width had an effect on swimming performance. VO2max, body weight, body fat ratio and body mass index were found to have no effect on any sexes or age groups.

Keywords:

Anthropometry stroke rate, speed,

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