Bünyamin TRAŞ, Kamil ÜNEY, Dursun A. DİNÇ

The effect of N-acetylcysteine on the treatment of clinical endometritis and pregnancy rate in dairy cows

Amaç: Bu çalışmada süt ineklerinde klinik endometritisin tedavisi ve gebelik oranı üzerine N-asetilsistein (NAS)'in etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, ticari bir süt işletmesinde 50-60 günlük gönüllü bekleme süresinden sonra endometritisin klinik bulgularını gösteren 36 inek üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Klinik endometritis, vajinada belirlenen uterus akıntısının değerlendirilmesiyle tanımlandı. İneklerden servikal svap örnekleri mikroorganizma ve tedavi için en etkili antibakteriyel ajanı belirlemek için toplandı. İnekler rastgele NAS tedavisi yapılan (NAS-T) ve yapılmayan (nNAS-T) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. NAS-T grubuna (n=18) %2'lik NAS uygulamasından 12 saat sonra amoksisilin trihidrat+potasyum klavulanat (3500 mg+875 mg) uygulaması yapıldı ve bu uygulama üç gün tekrar edildi. nNAS-T grubuna (n=18), NAS-T grubunda uygulanan tedavi protokolündeki NAS uygulaması yerine 100 mL serum fizyolojik uygulaması yapıldı. Tedavi oranı, tedaviyi takiben gerçekleşen ilk doğal östrusta klinik endometritisin bulgularını göstermeyen (vaginal muayenede şeffaf veya yarı şeffaf mukus) ineklerin oranı olarak tanımlandı. Hayvanlar tedaviden sonraki ilk doğal östrusta suni yolla tohumlandı.Bulgular: NAS-T grubunda tedavi (%83.3) ve gebelik (%66.7) oranlarının nNAS-T grubuna (sırasıyla %55.5 ve %27.8) göre önemli derecede yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P

Süt ineklerinde klinik endometritisin tedavisi ve gebelik oranı üzerine N-asetilsistein'in etkisi

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the treatment of the clinical endometritis and pregnancy rate in dairy cows.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 36 cows with clinical signs of endometritis after VWP (voluntary waiting period, 50-60 days) on a commercial dairy farm. The clinical endometritis was diagnosed by evaluation of uterine discharge detected in the vagina. Cervical swab samples were collected to determine microorganism and the most effective antibacterial agent for the treatment. Cows were randomly allocated to NAC treatment (NAC-T) and non-NAC treatment (nNAC-T) groups. The NAC-T group (n=18) received an intrauterine infusion of amoxicillin trihydrate+potassium clavulanate (3500 mg+875 mg) in 100 mL dosages after 12 hours of an intrauterine infusion of 2% NAC during three days. Saline (total volume 100 mL) to the nNAC-T group (n=18) was given instead of NAC in the same protocol of the NAC-T group. The clinical cure rate was described as the percentage of cows with no signs of clinical endometritis (the clear or translucent mucus at vaginal examination), at the examination in first natural estrus following treatment. Animals were artificially inseminated following the first natural estrus after treatment.Results: The clinical cure (83.3%) and pregnancy rates (66.7%) in the NAC-T group were significantly higher than those (55.5% and 27.8%, respectively) of nNAC-T group (P

PDF

___

AHFS Drug Information, 2010. Acetylcysteine, Ed; McEvoy GK, 42nd edition, American Society of Health-System Pharma- cists, USA, pp; 3652-3655.
Azawi OI, 2008. Postpartum uterine infection in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 105, 187-208.
Boothe DM, 2001. Drugs affecting the respiratory system. In: The Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ed; Adams HR, 8th edition, Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, pp; 1105-1119.
Cammarato G, Sanguinetti M, Gallo A, Posteraro B, 2012. Re- view article: Biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori as a target for eradication of resistant infection. Aliment Phar- macol Ther, 36, 222-230.
Cammarota G, Branca G, Ardito F, Sanguinetti M, et al, 2010. Biofilm demolition and antibiotic treatment to eradicate re- sistant Helicobacter pylori: a clinical trial. Clin Gastroente- rol Hepatol, 8, 817-820.
CVMP, 1996. Acetyl cysteine. Summary report. EMEA/ MRL/96. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London, UK.
Galvao KN, Greco LF, Vilela JM, Sá Filho MF, Santos JEP, 2009. Effect of intrauterine infusion of ceftiofur on uterine health and fertility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 92, 1532-1542.
Gores-Lindholm A, Ahlschwede S, Causey R, Calderwoods- Mays M, Le Blanc MM, 2009. Effect of intra-uterine infusion of diluted N-acetylcysteine on equine endometrium. AAEP Proc, 55, 326.
Kim H, Seo JY, Roh KH, Lim JW, Kim KH, 2000. Suppres- sion of NF-KB activation and cytokine production by N-acetylcysteine in pancreatic cell. Free Radic Biol Med, 29, 674-683.
Le Blanc MM, 2010. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infectious and post-mating-induced endometritis in the mare. Reprod Domest Anim, 2, 21-27,
Le Blanc MM, 2012. How to use N-acetylcystine and Tricide® for the treatment of endometritis. In, Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Italian Association of Equine Veterinarians SIVE, pp; 21-25, Bologna, Italy.
Le Blanc MM, Causey RC, 2009. Clinical and subclinical endo- metritis in the mare: Both threats to fertility. Reprod Do- mest Anim, 44, 10-22.
Le Blanc SJ, 2008. Postpartum uterine disease and dairy herd reproductive performance: A review. Vet J, 176, 102-114.
Leblanc SJ, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Bateman KG, Keefe GP, Wal- ton JS, Johnson WH, 2002. Defining and diagnosing postpar- tum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 85, 2223-2236.
Leblanc SJ, Lissemore KD, Kelton DF, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, 2006. Major advances in disease prevention in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 89, 1267-1279.
Macchi A, Ardito F, Marchese A, Schito GC, Fadda G, 2006. Effi- cacy of N acetyl-cysteine in combination with tiamphenicol in sequental (intramuscular/aerosol) therapy of upper res- piratory tract infections even when sustained by bacterial biofilms. J Chemother, 18, 507-513.
Mcdougall S, Macaulay R, Compton C, 2007. Association bet- ween endometritis diagnosis using a novel intravaginal device and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 99, 9-23.
Melkus E, Witte T, Walter I, Heuwieser W, Aurich C, 2012. In- vestigations on the endometrial response to intrauterine administration of N-acetylcysteine in oestrus mares. Rep- rod Domest Anim, doi: 10.1111/rda.12131, 1-7.
Olivos-Garcia A, Carrero JC, Ramos E, Nequiz M, Tello E, Mon- fort I, Perez-Tamayo R, 2007. Late experimental amebic liver abcess in hamster is inhibited by cyclosporine and acetylcysteine. Exp Mol Pathol, 82, 310-315.
Runciman DJ, Anderson GA, Malmo J, Davis GM, 2008. Use of postpartum vaginoscopic (visual vaginal) examination of dairy cows for the diagnosis of endometritis and the asso- ciation of endrometritis with reduced reproductive perfor- mance. Aust Vet J, 86, 205-213.
Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, Leblanc S, Gilbert RO, 2006. Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology, 65, 1516-1530.
Smith BI, Risco CA, 2005. Management of periparturient di- sorders in dairy cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 21, 503-521.
Tras B, Uney K, 2011. The rational use of antibacterial drugs in cows and failure causes in the treatment with antibacterial drugs. Turk Vet Hek Bir Derg, 34, 81-100.
Tsai J, Yang F, Wang C, Fang T, Lee R, Hsu B, 2010. Effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine on plasma total homocysteine and inflammatory cytokines during high flux heomodialy- sis. Tzu-Chi Medical J, 22, 91-95.
Wagner C, Sauermann R, Joukhadar C, 2006. Principles of an- acetylcysteine in endometritis tibiotic penetration into abscess fluid. Pharmacology, 78, 1-10.
Witte TS, Melkus E, Walter I, Senge B, Schwab S, Aurich C, Heuwieser W, 2012. Effects of oral treatment with Tras et al
N-acetylcysteine on the viscosity of intrauterine mucus and endometrial function in estrous mares. Theriogeno- logy, 78, 1199-1208.