Emre BAHCİVAN, Orhan CORUM, Burak DİK, Hatice ESER, Ayse ER, Enver YAZAR

Cardiac safety of gamithromycin in ewes

Amaç: Bir makrolid antibiyotik olan gamitromisin sığırlarda pasteurellosis tedavisinde önerilmekle birlikte koyunlarda etiket dışı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Makrolid antibiyotiklerin kardiyotoksik etkileri bilinmektedir, ancak gamitromisinin koyunlarda kardiyak güvenilirliği ile ilgili bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Araştırmanın öncelikli amacı koyunlarda gamitromisinin kardiyak güvenilirliğini belirlemektir. Bunun yanı sıra karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyonlarına ve hemogram parametrelerine etkisini tespit etmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 10 adet koyuna gamitromisin (6 mg/kg, SC) tek doz olarak uygulandı. Kan örnekleri uygulamadan önce (0. gün, kontrol) ve sonraki 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ve 9. günlerde alındı. Spesifik kalp hasar belirteçleri olan serum kreatin kinaz-MB kütle ve troponin I düzeyleri, karaciğer ile böbrek hasar belirteçleri ve hemogram parametreleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Araştırmada troponin I düzeyinde birinci gün istatistiki olmayan yükselmeler belirlenirken, kreatin kinaz-MB kütle düzeyinde değişimler belirlenmedi. Total bilirubin, total protein, kreatinin ve akyuvar düzeyinde referans değerler arasında istatistiki değişimler belirlendi (P

Koyunlarda gamitromisinin kardiak güvenilirliği

Aim: Gamithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is used in the treatment of bovine pasteurellosis, whereas it is used in sheep as extra-label. It is well known that macrolide antibiotics have cardiotoxic effect, however, it cannot be found the information of cardiac safety of gamithromycin in sheep in the literature. The first aim of this research was to determine the cardiac safety of gamithromycin in sheep. In addition, effects of gamithromycin on the liver and kidney functions and hemogram values were investigated. Materials and Methods: Gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, SC) was administered as a single dose to 10 sheep. Blood samples were taken before (0. day, control) and after treatments at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days. Serum creatine kinease-MB mass and troponin I levels which are specific cardiac damage markers, liver, kidney damage markers and hemogram values were measured. Results: Increased troponin I levels were determined at first day but it was not statistically significant, and there was no change determined in the creatine kinase-MB mass levels. Statistically significant (P

PDF

___

Andrade RJ, Tulkens PM, 2011. Hepatic safety of antibiotics used in primary care. J Antimicrob Chemother, 66, 1431- 1446.
Baggott D, Casartelli A, Fraisse F, Manavella C, Marteau R, Rehbein S, Wiedemann M, Yoon S, 2011. Demonstration of the metaphylactic use of gamithromycin against bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease in a multicentre farm trial. Vet Rec, 168, 241.
Berghaus LJ, Giguere S, Sturgill TL, Bade D, Malinski TJ, Hu- ang R, 2012. Plasma pharmacokinetics, pulmonary distri- bution, and in vitro activity of gamithromycin in foals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 35, 59-66.
Bulbul A (2013). Normal hematologic values, in: Sheep-Goat Hand Book, Ed: Elmas M, Billur Press, Konya, Turkey, pp: 509-515.
Corum O, Er A, Dik B, Eser H, Bahcivan E, Yazar E, 2015. Deterımination of the safety of tulathromycin in sheep. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 31, 152-157
Dogan F, 2011. Pharmacovigilance in veterinary profession. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 27, 19-25.
Ekici OD, Isik N, 2011. Investigation of the cardiotoxicity of imidocarb in lambs. Revue Med Vet, 162, 40-44.
EMEA, 2009. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_ GB/document_library/ Maximum_ Residue_Limit s-Report/2009/11/WC500014340.pdf, Accessed date: 20.10.2015.
Er A, Altan F, Cetin G, Dik B, Elmas M, Yazar E, 2011. Assess- ment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits. Acta Vet Hung, 59, 327-335.
Er A, Corum O, Dik B, Bahcivan E, Eser H, Yazar E, 2015. De- termination of the effect of Corynebacterium cutis lysate treatment on the cytokine levels in sheep. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 31, 209-213.
Er A, Dik B, Corum O, Cetin G, 2013. Cardiac safety of diclofe- nac at a single dose in ram. ScientificWorldJournal, Article ID 808731
Forbes AB, Ramage C, Sales J, Baggott D, Donachie W, 2011. Determination of the duration of antibacterial efficacy following administration of gamithromycin using a bovi- ne Mannheimia haemolytica challenge model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 55, 831-835.
Hallen J, 2012. Troponin for the estimation of infarct size: what have we learned?. Cardiology, 121, 204-212.
Harrison A, Amundson S, 2005. Evaluation and management of the acutely dyspneic patient: the role of biomarkers. Am J Emerg Med, 23, 371-378.
Huang RA, Letendre LT, Banav N, Fischer J, Somerville B, 2009. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin in cattle with comparison of plasma and lung tissue concentrations and plasma antibacterial activity. J Vet Pharmacol Therap, 33, 227-237.
Kellermann M, Huang RA, Forbes AB, Rehbein S, 2014. Ga- mithromycin plasma and skin pharmacokinetics in sheep. Res Vet Sci, 97, 199-203.
Kerr MG, 2002. Veterinary Laboraıtory Medicine, second edition, Blackwell Science, London, UK, pp: 1-198.
Lechtenber KF, Daniels CS, Schieber T, Bechtol DT, Drag M, Kunkle BN, Chester ST, Tessman RK, 2011. Field efficacy study of gamithromycin for treatment of bovine respira- tory disease associated with Mycoplasma bovis in beef and nonlactating dairy cattle. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med, 9, 225- 232.
O'Brien PJ, 2008. Cardiac troponin is the most effective trans- lational safety biomarker for myocardial injury in cardio- toxicity. Toxicology, 245, 206-218.
Simsek O, Karasahin T, Guner B, Dursun S, 2015. Some ha- ematological and biochemical parameters in Hasak and Hasmer crossbred sheep. Atatürk University J Vet Sci, 10, 27-32
Strobel H, Lauseker M, Forbes AB, 2014. Targeted antibiotic treatment of lame sheep with footrot using either oxytet- racycline or gamithromycin. Vet Rec, 174, 46.
Turgut K, 2000. Liver tests, in: Veterinary Clinic Laboratory Diagnosis, Bahcivanlar Press, Konya, Turkey, pp: 202-257.
Watteyn A, Plessers E, Wyns H, De Baere S, De Backer P, Cro- ubels S, 2013. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 92, 1516-1522.
Wyns H, Meyer E, Plessers E, Watteyn A, De Baere S, De Bac- ker P, Croubels S, 2014. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromy- cin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in pigs. Res Vet Sci, 96, 160-163.
Yazar E, 2012. Chemotherapeutics, in: Veterinary Drug, Ed: Yazar E, Olgun-Celik Press, Konya, Tukey, pp: 21-130.
Yazar E, Birdane YO, Elmas M, Tras B¸ Bas AL, 2002. Effect of tilmicosin on serum creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels in New Zeland White Rabbits. Arch Geflugelk, 66, 237-239.
Yazar E, Altunok V, Elmas M, Tras B, Bas AL, Ozdemir V, 2001. Effect of tilmicosin on cardiac muscle and serum creatine kinases activities and serum total protein level in healthy male Balb/C mice. Revue Med Vet, 152, 881-883.