Developing the communication skills of early childhood teacher candidates: The case of advice

Developing the communication skills of early childhood teacher candidates: The case of advice

Teachers in their professional roles are often called upon to give advice, whether to their students, to their colleagues, to their administrators, or to parents of their students. In this article, we investigate advice giving by teacher candidates to parents of young preschool children and consider the implications of this research for early childhood education. This article is of importance in that it demonstrates the use of applied linguistics research in the classroom. Our purpose is twofold: First, we explore the discursive moves and patterns apparent in the major patterns that emerge from the data to understand how the advice giving is constructed and how this aligns with other similar research. Second, we consider how such information can be incorporated into early childhood education courses. We suggest that teacher educators can exploit research such as that presented here to combine content knowledge instruction with a focus on communication skills, skills important for teachers to be successful communicators within the school community. We explore directions for future research and recommend collegial partnerships between applied linguists and early childhood educators. © 2015 EJAL & the Authors. Published by EJAL. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

___

  • Akgun, M., Cagiltay, K., & Zeyrek, D. (2009). The effect of apologetic error messages and mood states on computer users' self-appraisal of performance. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(9), 2430- 2448. http://doi.org/c4mjx8
  • Allami, H., & Naeimi, A. (2011). A cross-linguistic study of refusals: An analysis of pragmatic competence development in Iranian EFL learners. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(1), 383-406. http://doi.org/c24x66
  • Angouri, J. (2012). "Yes, that's a good idea:' Peer advice in academic discourse at a UK university. In H. Limberg & M. Locher (Eds.). Advice in discourse (pp. 119-144). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Baer, M., & Brown, G. (2012). Blind in one eye: How psychological ownership of ideas affects the types of suggestions people adopt. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118(1), 60-71. http://doi.org/rt3
  • Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Griffin, R. (2005). L2 pragmatic awareness: Evidence from the L2 classroom. System, 33(3), 401-415. http://doi.org/bc4p2t
  • Belz, J. (2005). Intercultural questioning, discovery and tension in internet-mediated language learning partnerships. Language and Intercultural Communication, 5(1), 3-39. http://doi.org/cs6kw9
  • Bonaccio, S., & Dalal, S. (2006). Advice taking and decision-making: An integrative literature review, and implications for the organizational sciences. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 101(1), 127-151. http://doi.org/cdj3z9
  • Bradbury, L. U., & Koballa, T. R. (2007). Mentor advice giving in an alternative certification program for secondary science teaching: Opportunities and roadblocks in developing a knowledge base for teaching. Journal of Science Teacher Education 18(6), 817-40. http://doi.org/d9fj4z
  • Brkich, A., & Neukirk, A. (2013). Role-playing parent-teacher conferences defending a social justice curriculum. Journal of Social Studies Research, 2013 Conference Proceedings, 57-66.
  • Brown, P. & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Burleson, B. (2003). Emotional support skills. In J. Green & B. Burleson (Eds.). Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 551-594). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Butler, C. W., Potter, J., Danby, S., Emmison, M., & Hepburn, A. (2010). Advice-implicative interrogatives: Building "client-centered" support in a children's helpline. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(10), 265-287.
  • Butler, C.W., Danby,S., Emmison, M., & Thorpe, K. (2009). Managing medical advice: Seeking in calls to child health line. Sociology of Health and Illness 31(6), 817-34.
  • Chang, Y.F. (2010). 'I no say you say is boring': The development of pragmatic competence in L2 apology. Language Sciences, 32(3), 408-424.
  • Cheatham, G., & Ostrosky, M. (2011) Whose expertise?: An analysis of advice giving in early childhood parent-teacher conferences. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 25(1), 24-44.
  • Cheatham, G., & Ostrosky, M. (2009). Listening for details of talk: Parent-teacher conference communication facilitators. Young exceptional children, 13(1), 36-49.
  • Chen, X. (2014). Politeness processing as situated social cognition: A RT-theoretic account. Journal of Pragmatics, 71(1), 117-131.
  • Clyne, M. (2006). Some thoughts on pragmatics, sociolinguistic variation, and intercultural communication. Intercultural Pragmatics, 3(1), 95-105.
  • Danielson, C. (2007). Enhancing professional practice: A framework for teaching. (3rd ed.) Washington, DC: ASCD.
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2012). Creating a comprehensive system for evaluating and supporting effective teaching. Stanford, CA. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education. Retrieved from http://stanford.io/1eAjI0i
  • Darling-Hammond, L., Hammerness, K., Grossman, P., Rust, F., & Schulman, L. (2005). The design of teacher education programs. In L. Darling-Hammond & J. Bransford (Eds.). Preparing teachers for a changing world: What teachers should learn and be able to do (pp. 390-441). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
  • DeCapua, A., & Dunham, J.F. (2012). 'It wouldn't hurt if you had your child evaluated': Advice to mothers in responses to vignettes from a US teaching context. In H. Limberg & M. Locher (Eds.). Advice in discourse (pp. 73-96). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • DeCapua, A., & Dunham, J. F. (2007). The pragmatics of advice-giving: Cross-cultural perspectives. Intercultural Pragmatics, 4(3), 319-342. http://doi.org/c8djqv
  • DeCapua, A. & Dunham, J.F. (1993). Strategies in the discourse of advice. Journal of Pragmatics, 20(6), 519-531. http://doi.org/d2b7ft
  • DeCapua, A., & Huber, L. (1995). 'If I were you . . .' Advice in American English. Multilingua, 14(2), 117-132. http://doi.org/bt22x4
  • Dittmar, H. (1992). The social psychology of material possessions: To have is to be. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Dotger, B. Harris, S., Maher, M., & Hansel, A. (2011). Exploring the emotional geographies of parent-teacher candidate interactions: An emerging signature pedagogy. Teacher Educator, 46(3), 208-230. http://doi.org/dsfsqs
  • Dunham, J. F. (1995). The pragmatics of call-in radio advising. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY.
  • Ellis, D. (2008). "Problems may cut right across the borders": Why we cannot do without interdisciplinarity. In C. Balasubramanyam & S. Fallows (Eds.), Interdisciplinary learning and teaching in higher education: Theory and practice (pp. 3-17). New York: Routledge.
  • Feistritzer, E. (2011). Profile of teachers in the U.S. 2011. National Center for Educational Information. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/1phi6Jk
  • Feldman, R. (2009). Child development. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Feng, B. (2009). Testing an integrated model of advice-giving in supportive interactions. Human Communication Research, 35(1), 115-129. http://doi.org/dxgz79
  • Feng, B., & Feng, H. (2013). Examining cultural similarities and differences in responses to advice: A comparison of American and Chinese college students. Communication Research, 40(5), 623-644. http://doi.org/fx8v9x
  • Feng, B., & MacGeorge, E. (2006). Predicting receptiveness to advice: Characteristics of the problem, the advice-giver, and the recipient. Southern Communication Journal, 71(1), 67- 85. http://doi.org/d3tbhp
  • Golato, A. (2002). German compliments responses. Journal of Pragmatics, 12(6), 445-465. http://doi.org/fgwxds
  • Goldsmith, D. J., & Fitch, K. (1997). The normative context of advice as social support. Human Communication Research, 23, 454-476. http://doi.org/ffd88m
  • Goldsmith, D., & MacGeorge, E. (2000). The impact of politeness and relationships on the quality of advice about a problem. Human Communication Research, 26(2), 234-263. http://doi.org/df8svr
  • Grant, K.B., & Ray, J.A. (2010). Home, school, and community collaboration: Culturally responsible family involvement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Fantuzzo, J., Perlman, S., Sproul, P, Minney, A., Perry, M. A., & Li, F. (2012). Making visible teacher reports of their teaching experiences: The Early Childhood Teacher Experiences Scale. Psychology in the Schools, 49(2), 194-205. http://doi.org/fzdw8f
  • Hammerness, K., Darling-Hammond, L., & Shulman, L. (2002). Towards expert thinking: How case-writing contributes to the development of theory-based professional knowledge in student- teachers. Teaching Education, 13(2), 219-243. http://doi.org/dwc7qv
  • Harris, P., & Daley, J. (2008). Exploring the contribution of play to social capital in institutional adult learning settings. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 48(1), 50-70.
  • Harrison, S., & Barlow, J. (2009). Politeness strategies and advice-giving in an online arthritis workshop. Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behavior, Culture, 5(1), 93-111. http://doi.org/ct647g
  • Hepburne, A., & Potter, J. (2011). Designing the recipient: Managing advice resistance in institutional settings. Social Psychology Quarterly, 74(2), 216-241. http://doi.org/bpx4b9 Hegarty, K. ()2009. Sustaining collegiality through the imperative of interdisciplinary practice. London Review of Education, 7(1), 83-90.
  • Heritage, J., & Sefi, S. (1992). Dilemmas of advice: Aspects of the delivery and reception of advice in interactions between health visitors and first-time mothers. In P. Drew & J.
  • Heritage (Eds.). Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings (pp. 359-419). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hinkel, E. (1997). Appropriateness of advice: DCT and multiple choice data. Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 1-26. http://doi.org/cb54x7
  • Hudson, T. (1990). The discourse of advice giving in English: 'I wouldn't feed until spring no matter what you do.' Language and Communication, 10(4), 285-297. http://doi.org/b4xwd9
  • Hunt, S. K., Simonds, C., & Cooper, P. (2002). Communication and teacher education: Exploring a communication course for all teachers. Communication Education, 51(1), 81-94. http://doi.org/d3rd5q
  • Hutchby, I. (1995). Aspects of recipient design in expert advice-giving on call-in radio. Discourse Processes, 19(2), 219-238. http://doi.org/bm4j8x
  • Jefferson, G. & Lee, J. (1992). The rejection of advice: Managing the problematic convergence of a 'troubles-telling' and a 'service encounter. In P. Drew & J. Heritage (Eds.). Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings (pp. 521-548). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2009). Models of teaching. New York: Pearson. Kádar, D., & Haugh, M. (2013). Understanding politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Korthagen, F., Loughran, J., & Russell, T. (2006). Developing fundamental principles for teacher education programs and practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 1020- 1041. http://doi.org/b963fj
  • Landquist, H. (2005). Constructing and negotiating advice in calls to a poison information center. In C. Baker, M. Emmison, & A. Firth (Eds.). Calling for help: Language and social interaction in telephone helplines (pp. 207-233). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Lawrence-Lightfoot, S. (2004). The essential conversation: What parents and teachers can learn from each other. New York, NY: Ballantine.
  • Lawson, M. A. (2003). School-family relations in context: Parent and teacher perceptions of parent involvement. Urban Education, 38(1), 77-133. http://doi.org/dsg8zb
  • Lea, D. (2006). 'You don't know me like that': Patterns of disconnect between adolescent mothers of children with disabilities and their early interventionists. Journal of Early Intervention, 28(4), 264-282. http://doi.org/crf5kz
  • Lenoir, Y. (2011). Toward a transformation of practices in teacher education. McGill Journal of Education, 46(1), 107-121.
  • Limberg, H. and Locher, M. (Eds.). (2012). Advice in discourse. Pragmatics & beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.
  • Linell, P. (1998). Approaching dialogue: Talk, interaction and contexts in dialogical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Locher, M. (2006). Advice online: Advice-giving in an American Internet health column. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Locher, M. (2010). Health Internet sites: A linguistic perspective on health advice columns. Social Semiotics, 20(1), 43-59. http://doi.org/cc436j
  • Locher, M. & Watts, R. (2005). Politeness theory and relational work. Journal of Politeness Research 1(1), 9-33. http://doi.org/cj23hz
  • MacGeorge, E. L., Guntzviller, L. M., Hanasono, L. K., & Feng, B. (2013). Testing advice response theory in interactions with friends. Communication Research. http://doi.org/6hm
  • Morrow, P. (2006). Telling about problems and giving advice in an Internet discussion forum: Some discourse features. Discourse Studies, 8(4), 531-548. http://doi.org/cxwc8w
  • O'Driscoll, J. (2007). What's in an FTA? Reflections on a chance meeting with Claudine. Journal of Politeness Research, 3(2), 243-268. http://doi.org/b6fcwj
  • Pharo, E., & Bridle, K. (2011). Does interdisciplinarity exist behind the façade of traditional disciplines? A study of natural resource management teaching. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 36(1), 65-80. http://doi.org/dgrnfb
  • Pierce, J., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. (2003). The state of psychological ownership: Integrating and extending a century of research. Review of General Psychology, 7(1), 84-107. http://doi.org/frzw59
  • Pierce, J., O'Driscoll, M., & Coghlan, A. (2004). Work environment structure and psychological ownership: The mediating effects of control. Journal of Social Psychology, 144(5), 507-534. http://doi.org/c9zjd6
  • Pudlinski, C. (2001). Contrary themes on three consumer-run warm lines. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 397-400. http://doi.org/fbpvds
  • Pudlinski, C. (2005). Doing empathy and sympathy: Caring responses to troubles tellings on a peer support line. Discourse Studies, 7(3), 267-288. http://doi.org/fnpqfk
  • Pudlinksi, C. (2012). The pursuit of advice on US peer telephone helplines: Sequential and functional aspects. In H. Limberg & M. Locher (Eds.). Advice in discourse (pp. 232-252). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Richardson, K. P. (2003). Health risks on the Internet: Establishing credibility on line. Health, Risk and Society 5(2), 171-84. http://doi.org/d3cx4j
  • Sanders, M. (2008). How parent liaisons can help bridge the home-school gap. The Journal of Educational Research, 101(5), 287-298.
  • Searle, J. (1969). Speech acts: Am essay in the philosophy language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shafir, E., Simonson, I., Tversky, A. (1993). Reason-based choice. Cognition, 49(1), 11-36. http://doi.org/b9r4jj
  • Silverman, D. (1997). Discourses of counseling: HIV counseling as social interaction. London: Sage.
  • Sniezek, J., & Van Swol, L. (2001). Trust, confidence, and expertise in a judge-advisor system. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 84(2), 288-307. http://doi.org/cn32zr
  • Tal, C. (2010). Case studies to deepen understanding and enhance classroom management skills in preschool teacher training. Early Childhood Education Journal 38(2), 143-152. http://doi.org/bfk3c6
  • Van Dyne, L. & Pierce, J. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 439-459. http://doi.org/dw3j6g
  • Van Swol, L., & Sniezek, J. (2005). Factors affecting the acceptance of expert advice. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(3), 443-461. http://doi.org/b49f6m
  • Vásquez, C. (2004). "Very carefully managed": Advice and suggestions in post-observation meetings. Linguistics and Education, 15, 33-58. http://doi.org/czqhhw
  • Waring, H.Z. (2007). The multi-functionality of accounts in advice giving. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 11(3), 367-91. http://doi.org/cwbjnj
  • Yaniv, I. & Milyavksy, M. (2007). Using advice from multiple sources to revise and improve judgments. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103(1), 104-120. http://doi.org/b34hcn