Staphylococcus aureus’larda metisilin direnci ve enfeksiyonlar

Staphylocococus aureus, normal insan ve hayvan florasının bir bölümünü oluşturan gram pozitif bir bakteridir. Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarının en önemli habitatı insanlarda burun mukozası ve hayvanlarda deridir. S.aureus hayvanlarda mastitis, artritis, otitis, epidermitis ve üriner sistem enfeksiyonları gibi enfeksiyonlara neden olurken insanlarda hastane enfeksiyonları, gıda zehirlenmeleri, osteomyelitis, poliartritis, endokarditis, toksik şok sendromu, folikülitis, konjunktivitis, idrar yolları enfeksiyonları, pnömoni, haşlanmış deri sendromu (Scalded Skin Syndrome- SSS) gibi çok sayıda enfeksiyona neden olmaktadırlar. Hemen herkes hayatları süresince S.aureus enfeksiyonlarının bazı tiplerine sahip olmaktadırlar. Stafilokok enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde stafilokok türleri arasındaki antibiyotiklere direnç yaygınlığı önemli bir sorundur. Yeni antibiyotiklerin klinik kullanıma girmesinden kısa bir süre sonra mikroorganizmanın direnç kazandığı, bununla birlikte penisilinin çok yaygın kullanılmasının sonucunda penisilini parçalayan stafilokok suşlarının ortaya çıktığı da bilinmektedir. Metisilin-dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) tüm dünyada hastane enfeksiyonlarından en sık izole edilen “Çoğul antibiyotik Dirençli” mikroorganizmadır. MRSA izolatlarında çoklu direnç gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Otuz yıldan daha uzun süre MRSA tedavisinde kullanılan vankomisine de bu günlerde direnç gelişmiştir. Derlememizde türlere göre MRSA epidemiyolojileri, MRSA virulens mekanizmaları, metisilin direnç mekanizmaları ve MRSA suşlarının tiplendirilmeleri hakkında bilgiler verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Volkan ÖZAVCI, Şükrü KIRKAN, Metisilin direnci, moleküler tiplendirme, Staphylococcus aureus, virulens faktörleri, 2012, etlikdergi@tarimorman.gov.tr

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a kind of gram positive bacteria, which builds a part of normal human and animal flora. The most important life space of S.aureus is human nasal mucosa and animal skin. S.aureus causes some infections like mastitis, arthritis, otitis, epidermitis and urinary system infections on animals. On the other hand, it causes many infections such as hospital infections, food poisoning, osteomyelitis, polyarthritis, endocarditis, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), folliculitis, conjunctivitis, urinary infections, pneumonia, Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS). Nearly everyone hosts some types of S.aureus infections throughout their lifespan. In the cure of Staphylococcus infections, resistance of antibiotics extence among Staphylococcus strains is an important problem. After a short period of starting to clinical use of new antibiotics, this microorganism gained resistance and because of the fact that peniciline is used widely too much, it is known that Staphylococcus strains, which can break peniciline, occured. Methicillin Resisted Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly isolated from hospital infections “Multiple Resistant Antibiotic” microorganism in the whole world. Multiple resistence of MRSA isolates increases day by day. Even vancomycin which has been used in the cure of MRSA for more than 30 years gained resistance currently, too. In our composition, MRSA epidemiology, Sequencing of MRSA virulence mechanisms, methicillin resistant mechanisms and MRSA strains are going to be informed according to their species.

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