Şap Hastalığında Taşıyıcılık

Şap virüsü taşıyan hayvan, hastalıktan ari ülkelerde hastalık oluşturma riski bakımından, hastalığın endemik olduğu Türkiye gibi ülkelerde ise hastalık risklerinin azaltılması ve eradikasyonunda kritik öneme sahiptir. Son yıllarda taşı- yıcı hayvanların belirlenmesi ve taşıyıcılık ile mücadelede izlenecek yeni metotlar üzerinde tekrar durulmaya başlan- mıştır. Dünya Hayvan Sağlığı Örgütü (OIE) ve Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) tarafından hastalık eradikasyonu için Şap Hastalığı için Kademeli Kontrol Yolağı (PCP-FMD) adı verilen beş aşamalı bir kademeli hastalık eradikasyon planı tasarlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla her aşamada bir sonraki basamağa geçiş için yapılacak faaliyetler bulunmaktadır. Bu faali- yetlerden birisi de sürülerde enfekte (akut veya persiste) hayvanın aşılılardan ayrılması, riskin sıfır (zero risk) olduğu- nun gösterilmesidir. Bu derlemede şap enfeksiyonu ve persistenliği ile ilgili geçmişten günümüze yapılan çalışmalar değerlendirilerek bu konuyla ilgili önemli bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca gelecekte bu konu ile ilgili yapılması gereken noktalara değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Persiste enfeksiyon, şap hastalığı, taşıyıcılık, Carrier, Foot-and-mouth disease, Persistent infection

Carrier Status in Foot-and-Mouth Disease

In the disease endemic countries such as Turkey, a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus carrier animal is critical in reducing the risk of disease and eradication. In recent years, FMD carrier animals, persistence mechanisms, and the fight against carriers have started to be focused on again. A five-stage gradual disease eradication plan called PCP-FMD (Progressive Control Pathway-FMD) was designed by Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and Food and Agricultural Organization United Nations (FAO) for disease eradication. Therefore, at each stage, there are activities to be done to move to the next step. One of these activities is the differentiation of infected animals (acute and persistent) from vaccinated ones in herds showing that the risk is zero (zero risk). In this review, studies related to FMD and persistent infections done so far have been evaluated and important information regarding the subject has been given. In addition, the points that need to be done in the future have been focused on.

Keywords:

Carrier, Foot-and-mouth disease, Persistent infection,

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