This study sought to investigate the relationship between Internal Locus of Control and English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ translation achievement and to explore whether there was a significant difference in locus of control among different groups of EFL learners. The participants of the study included seventy-two EFL tertiary level students in a translation course at a state university in Turkey. The data were collected using Internal Locus of Control Index (ILCI) and achievement tests. Findings revealed that EFL learners’ loci of control significantly moderated their translation achievement. They had the potential to use their effort in translation studies when they were required to translate even complicated translation works. The results of the Pearson product-moment correlation and partial correlation tests indicated that the higher EFL learners’ internal locus of control was, the more they achieved in the translation course.