Gülin YAVUZ, Ufuk SERDAROĞLU

Kalkınma ve Kadın (Veya Toplumsal Cinsiyet) İlişkilendirilenişinin Değişimindeki Kavşaklar

Bu çalışma, kalkınma ile kadının (veya toplumsal cinsiyetin) ilişkilendiriliş pratikleri ve anlayışlarını "1970 öncesi", "70'ler", "80'ler" ve "90'lardan günümüze" şeklinde dönemlere ayırarak, bu dönemlerdeki etkin yaklaşımlar temelinde, incelemeye çalışmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımlar ilgili yazında her ne kadar "Kalkınmada Kadın", "Kadın ve Kalkınma", "Yeni bir Çağ için Kadınlarla Kalkınma Alternatifleri", "Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Kadın", "Kadın, Kültür ve Kalkınma" v.b. kronolojik olarak belirli dönemlere ait kılınsa da kesin dönemsel ayrımlara gidilmesi oldukça zordur. Batı orijinli feminist kalkınma yaklaşımlarında önceleri kadın-erkek eşitsizliği daha sonra da toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlik üzerinde durulmuştur. Fakat bu yaklaşımların 'kültür' ve 'kimlikler'i göz ardı ettiğine ilişkin tartışmalar, Batının kültürel egemenliğine direnişler ve Üçüncü Dünya akademyasının giderek artan ağırlığı kalkınma-kadın (veya toplumsal cinsiyet) ilişkilendirilişinde yeni bakış açılarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu ise zaman zaman farklı (ve hatta birbirlerini tümüyle dışlayan) ama çoğu zaman da geçişken ve kesişimsel yeni görüşlerle ortaya konulmuştur.

Crossroads of the Change in the Ways of Relating Development and Women (or Gender)

This study examines the ways of relating development and woman (or gender) on the basis of different periods (70s, 80s and from 90s to today) and with a specific attention to the approaches that are evident in each of these periods. Even though approaches such as "Women in Development", "Women and Development", "Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era", "Gender and Development", "Women, Culture and Development", etc., in the related literature chronologically embodied to a specific periods, it is hard to make a clear chronological distinction among them. At first, feminists with Western origin at the beginning emphasized the inequality of men and women and later the gender inequality in development perspectives. However, with the rise of the discussions about these perspectives' ignorance on 'culture' and 'identities', resistance to the cultural hegemony of the West and with the rising effects of the Third World academics new perspectives were emerged. These were expressed time to time by the opposing (even mutually exclusive), but most of the times by transitional and intersectional new ideas.

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