Gulay Demir, Ertugrul Turgutoglu, Senay Kurt

Assessment of pollen viability and germination in seven varieties of lemon

The gametic sterility, the long duration of the young stage, species incompatibilities and especially the high rate of polyembryony are common difficulties in citrus breeding. Polyembryonic cultivars usually contain a zygotic embryo at the earlier stages of seeds. By embryo rescue techniques, the zygotic embryos further development can be secured. In this study, suitable GA3 concentration (0; 1; 2 mg/L) and embryo development stages (days after pollination 105, 115, 125) for embryo germination at Cleopatra mandarin x Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin x ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate orange were examined. The results indicated that the highest germination rate was observed from 2 mg/L GA3 containing M&T media which were harvested 115 days after pollination. The highest germination rates of embryos taken 115 days after pollination and germinated on 2 mg/L GA3 containing media in Cleopatra mandarin x Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin x Flying Dragon were obtained with 65% and 30%, respectively

Keywords:

citrus, embryo rescue, GA3 germination, hybridization, immature embryo,

PDF

___

Carimi F, Pasquale F and Puglia AM (1998). In vitro rescue of zygotic embryos of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and their detection based on RFLP analysis. Plant Breeding 117:261–266.
Chagas EA, Pasqual M, Ramos JD, Pio LAS, Dutra LF and Cazetta JO (2005). Activated charcoal and gibberellic acid concentrations on immature embryos culture. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 29(6):1125–1131.
Das A, Paul AK and Chaudhuris S (2000). Micropropagation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) for the development of nucellar seedling. Indian J. Expt. Bot.38(3):269–272.
Deng XX, Yi HL, Li F and Guo WW (1996). Triploid plants regenerated from crossing diploid pummel and tangerine with allotetraploid somatic hybrid of citrus. Proc. Int. Soc. Citricult. 1:189–192.
Gmitter FG, Ling XB and Deng XX (1990). Induction of triploid Citrus plants from endosperm cali in vitro. Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:785–790.
Jaskani MJ, Khan IA and Khan MM (2005). Fruit set, seed development and embryo germination in interploid crosses of Citrus. Sci. Hort. 107:51–57.
Kurt S and Ulger S (2014). Production of Common Sour Orange × Carrizo Citrange Hybrids Using Embryo Rescue. International Journal of Fruit Science, 14:42–48.
Murashige T and Skoog F (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497.
Murashige T and Tucker PH (1969). Growth factor requirements of citrus tissue culture. Proc. 1st Intl. Citrus Symp. 3:1155–1161.
Ollitrault P, Guo W and Grosser JW (2007). Somatic hybridization, p. 235–260. In:I. Khan (ed.). Citrus genetics, breeding and biotechnology. CABI, New York.
Pasqual M, Riberio VG and Ramos JD (1990). Influencia do GA3 e do carvao ativado sobre o enraizamento in vitro de embrioes de laranja ‘Natal’. Pesquisa Agropeciaria Brasileira, Brasilia 25(10):1477– 1482.
Perez-Tornero O and Porras I (2008). Assessment of polyembryony in lemon: rescue and in vitro culture of immature embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult.93:173–180.
Ribeiro VG, Sanábio D, Souza CN de, Lopes PSN, Bocardo MR and Pasqual M (2000). Efeitos de ácido giberélico e carvão ativado no cultivo in vitro de Citrus limonia Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília 35:27–30.
Scarano MT, Tusa N, Abbate L, Lucretti S, Nardi L and Ferrante S (2003). Flowcytometry, SSR and modified AFLP markers for the identification of zygotic plantlets in backcrosses between ‘Femminello’ lemon cybrids (2n and 4n) and a diploid clone of ‘Femminello’ lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. F.) tolerant to mal secco disease. Plant Sci. 164(6):1009–1017.
Soost RK and Roose M (1996). Citrus, In: Fruit breeding: Tree and tropical fruits, Janick J and Moore JN (eds.), Wiley, New York, pp: 257–323.
Tan M, Song J and Deng X (2007). Production of two mandarin x trifoliate orange hybrid populations via embryo rescue with verification by SSR analysis. Euphytica 157:155–160.
Viloria Z, Grosser JW and Bracho B (2005). Immature embryo rescue, culture and seedling development of acid citrus fruit derived from interploid hybridization. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Cult. 82:159–167.
Wang JF, Chen ZG and Lin TX (1999). Observation on the embryonic development in citrus after cross pollination. Chin. Dev. Reprod. Biol. Soc. 8(2):57–63.