Yerel Börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Populasyonlarının Bakla ve Danelerinin Agronomik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Amaç: Fabaceae familyası sebzeleri arasında önemli bir yeri olan börülce insan beslenmesinde taze yaprak, taze bakla, taze dane ve kuru daneleri için yetiştirilmekte ve yüksek bitkisel protein içeriği yönünden sebze türleri arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Farklı agro-morfolojik özelliklere sahip populasyonlar agronomik özellikleri nedeniyle yetiştiriciliğin yoğun yapıldığı yörelerde uzun yıllardan beri çiftçiler tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin farklı lokasyonlarında toplanmış ve üretici koşullarında yetiştiriciliği devam eden farklı börülce genotiplerinin agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada toplam 44 farklı börülce genotipi kullanılmış ve bu genotipler üretici ve tüketiciler açısından önemli kalite özelliklerini oluşturan taze bakla ve kuru danelerin agronomik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Elde edilen sonuçlar bitkisel materyali oluşturan gen havuzundaki genotipler arasında değerlendirilen bakla ve dane özellikleri yönünden yüksek düzeyde agro-morfolojik varyasyonu varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Genotipler arasında özellikle yüksek taze bakla ve dane verimi yönünden mevcut ticari çeşitlerden çok daha üstün genotipler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Börülcenin taze baklaları yanında taze ve kuru danelerinin tüketilmesi, ayrıca farklı ekolojik koşullara adapte olmuş ve uzun yıllar süresinde devam eden tohum eldesi süresince tüketim tercihi göz önünde bulundurularak yapılan seleksiyonların varyabiliteyi artırdığı düşünülürken, gen havuzundaki yüksek varyasyonun umutvar nitelikteki genotiplerin seleksiyonuna katkı sağlayabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bitki genetik kaynakları, ön ıslah çalışmaları, agronomik özellikler

Determination of Pod and Seed Agronomic Properties of Local Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Populations

Objective: Cowpea has an important place among Fabaceae family, cultivated for human consumption for fresh leaves, fresh pods, fresh and dried grain, and important placed due to high amount of protein content among vegetables. Farmers have been preferred to use local population due to agro-morphological trait for cultivation and large number of population distributed through the mainly cultivated location in Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the agronomic properties of cultivated local cowpea genotypes obtained from several location of Turkey. Material and Methods: In this study a total 44 different cowpea genotypes were examined for desirable agromorphological properties of fresh pods and dry grain based on consumer and farmers’ oriented traits. Results: The research underlined that high level of agromorphological diversity in terms of evaluated agromorphological pods and seed traits among the genotypes. In addition, comparing to the commercial cultivars, there are superior genotypes were determined among the population for fresh pod and grain yield. Conclusion: Application of the selection process by farmers based on their culinary uses during the cultivation can be partly explained the high level of diversity, furthermore large amount of variability among gene pool give advantages for selection promising genotypes.

Keywords:

Plant genetic resources pre-breeding studies, agronomic traits, variability,

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