İlknur KORKUTAL, Serkan CANDAR, Tezcan ALÇO, Elman BAHAR, Mümtaz EKİZ

Milli Koleksiyon Bağından Seçilen Bazı Yöresel Şaraplık Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Budama Şekli ve Abiyotik Etmenlerin Fizyolojik Aktiviteler Üzerine Etkileri

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, beş farklı üzüm çeşidinin farklı budama şekilleri ve iklim şartlarınagösterdiği fizyolojik tepkileri incelenmiştir.Materyal ve Metot: Deneme Tekirdağ Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde Milli KoleksiyonBağından seçilerek kurulan şaraplık çeşit araştırma parsellerinde 2018 yılındayürütülmüştür. Karamenüş, Yayla, Tilkiboğan, Aksıdağan ve Beyaz üzüm çeşitleri kordonve guyot budama şekilleriyle terbiye edilerek yetiştirilmiştir. Arazi şartlarında fotosentez(A), transpirasyon (E), stoma iletkenliği (gs) ölçümleri yapılmış, çeşitlerin anlık ve gerçeksu kullanım randımanları (WUE) hesaplanarak, çevresel etmenlerle etkileşimleri tespitedilmiştir.Bulgular: İzlenen fizyolojik parametrelerin gerçek su kullanım randımanı dışındafarklı budama şekillerinden etkilenmediği, bu değişkenleri kontrol eden asıl unsurunmezoklimatik iklim şartları olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Karamenüş ve Beyaz üzüm çeşitleri ölçüm günlerindeki farklı iklimsel etkilereen etkin biçimde uyum gösteren çeşitler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Aksıdağan çeşidi yüksekoransal nem, Tilkiboğan çeşidi yükselen ışık şiddeti, Yayla çeşidi yüksek nem, düşük ışıkşiddeti ve yükselen rüzgar hızında su kullanım etkinliklerini artırmışlardır.

The Effect of Pruning Type and Abiotic Factors on Physiological Activities in Some Local Wine Grapes Selected from National Collection Vineyard

Objective: In this study, the effects of different pruning types and climatic conditions on the physiological responses of five different grape varieties were investigated. Material and Methods: The trial was conducted in 2018 in the research parcels of wine varieties established by selecting from the National Collection Vineyard in Tekirdağ Viticulture Research Institute. Karamenüş, Yayla, Tilkiboğan, Aksıdağan and Beyaz üzüm varieties were cultivated with Cordon Royat and Guyot pruning forms. Photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stoma conductivity (gs ) measurements were made under field conditions, instantaneous and intrinsic water usage efficiency (WUE) of the varieties were calculated and interactions with environmental factors were discussed. Results: It was determined that the monitored physiological parameters were not affected by different pruning forms. Only intrinsic water usage efficiency was affected by pruning. The primary factor controlling these parametres were climatic conditions. Conclusion: Karamenüş and Beyaz üzüm varieties were the most adaptable varieties to different climatic influences on the measurement days. Water use efficiencies were increased under high proportional humidity for Aksıdağan cultivar and high light intensity for Tilkiboğan cultivar. Also Yayla grape variety increased instrinsic water usage efficiency with high humidity, low light intensity and rising wind speed conditions.

PDF

___

Aykas L, Kafa G, Uzun M, Doğan A, Özdemir M, Uğur R, Küçük E, Seymen T, Vurgun H, Balık Hİ, Çiçek M, Sarıçam Ş, Ayar A, Macit İ, Gültekin N, Kesgin M, Özyurt K, Uysal T, Kaya H. 2018. Türkiye arazi gen bankaları. J. of AARI, 28(2): 76-87.
Ben Neriah A, Assouline S, Shavit U, Weisbrod N. 2014. Impact of ambient conditions on evaporation from porous media. Water Resources Research, 50: 6696–6712.
Berry J, Björkman O. 1980. Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 31: 491-543.
Bota J, Flexas J, Medrano H. 2001. Genetic variability of photosynthesis and water use in Balearic grapevine cultivars. Annuals of Applied Biology, 138: 353-365.
Candolfi-Vasconcelos MC, Koblet WG, Howell S, Zweifel W. 1994. Influence of defoliation, rootstock, training system, and leaf position on gas exchange of Pinot Noir grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 45: 173-180.
Carbonneau A, Bahar E. 2009. Vine and Berry Responses to Contrasted Water Fluxes in Ecotron Around ‘Veraison’. Manipulation of Berry Shrivelling and Consequences on Berry Growth, Sugar Loading and Maturation. Proceedings of The 16th International Giesco Symposium, July 12-15, Univ. of California, Davis, Pp. 145-155.
Chaves MM. 1984. Photosynthesis and assimilate partition in fruiting and non-fruiting grapevine shoots. Advances in Photosynthesis Research, 4:145-148.
Dixon M, Grace J. 1984. Effect of wind on the transpiration of young trees. Annuals of Botany 53: 811–819.
Drake BG, Raschke K, Salisbury FB. 1970. Temperature and transpiration resistances of Xanthium leaves as affected by air temperature, humidity, and wind Speed. Plant Physiology, 46: 324–330.
Efe E, Bek Y, Şahin M. 2000. SPSS’te çözümleri ile istatistik yöntemler II, T.C. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Yayın No:10, Kahramanmaraş.
Fraga H, Malheiro AC, Moutinho-Pereira J, Santos JA. 2012. An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture. Food and Energy Security, 1(2): 94-110.
Ferrini F, Mattii GB, Nicese FP. 1995. Effect of temperature on key physiological responses of grapevine leaf. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic., 46(3): 375-379.
Greer DH, Weedon MM. 2012. Interactions between light and growing season temperatures on, growth and development and gas exchange of Semillon (Vitis Vinifera L.) vines grown in an irrigated vineyard. Plant Phy. Biochem., 54: 59-69.
Katerji N, Daudet FA, Carbonneau A, Ollat N. 1994. Study at the whole plant level of photosynthesis and transpiration of the vine: Comparison of traditional and lyre training systems. Vitis, 33: 197-203.
Kokutal İ, Bahar E, Bayram S. 2017. Farklı toprak işleme ve yaprak alma uygulamalarının Syrah üzüm çeşidinde su stresi, salkım ve tane özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 54 (4): 397-407.
Kriedemann PE. 1968. Photosynthesis in vine leaves as a function of light intenstiy, temperature and leaf age. Vitis, 7: 213.
Kuiper P. 1961. The effects of environmental factors on the transpiration of leaves, with special reference to stomatal light response, Ph.D. Thesis, Veenman, Wageningen, Proefschriftwageningen.
Ledru A, Lebon E, Angélique A, Christophe A, Gallo A, Pilar A, Gago B, Pantin F, Agnès Doligez A, Simonneaua T. 2016. Reduced Night time transpiration is a relevant breeding target for high water-use efficiency in grapevine. Proc Natl Acad Sci., 113(32): 8963-8968.
Lorenz D, Eichhorn K, Bleiholder H, Klose R, Meier U, Weber E. 1995. Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)-codes and descriptions according to the extended Bbch scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 1: 100-110.
Marcon FJL, Hipolito JS, Macedo TA, Kretzschmar AA, Rufato L. 2015. Raleio de cachos sobre o potencial enológico da uva ‘Cabernet Franc’ em duas safras. Ciência Rural, 45: 2150-2156.
McVicar TR, Roderick ML, Donohue RJ, Li LT, Van Niel TG, Thomas A. 2012. Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: Implications for evaporation. Journal of Hydrology, 416–417: 182–205.
Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM) (2019). Tekirdağ ili genel istatistik verileri. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/ il-ve-ilceleristatistik.aspx?m=TEKIRDAG (Son erişim tarihi 30.07.2019)
Miele A, Rizzon LA. 2013. Intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 35: 1081-1092.
Petrie PR, Trought MCT, Howell GS 2000. Influence of leaf ageing, leaf area and crop load on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and senescence of grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir) leaves. Vitis, 39: 31-36
Poni S, Intrieri C, Silvestroni O. 1994. Interactions of leaf age, fruiting, and exogenous cytokinins in Sangiovese grapevines under nonirrigated conditions. I. gas exchange. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 45: 71- 78.
Poni S, Gatti M, Bernizzoni F, Civardi S, Bobeica N, Magnanini E, Palliotti A. 2013. Late Leaf Removal Aimed at Delaying Ripening in cv. Sangiovese: Physiological Assessment and Vine Performance. Austr. J of Grape and Wine Res., 19: 378-387.
Reynolds AG, Heuvel JEV. 2009. Influence of grapevine training systems on vine growth and fruit composition: A review. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 60:3.
Sanyürek NK, Tahmaz H, Çakır A, Söylemezoğlu G. 2018. Tunceli ilinde yetiştirilen bazı şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinde antioksidan aktivitenin ve fenolik bileşiklerin belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4): 551–555.
Schultz HR. 2000. Climate change and viticulture: A European perspective on climatology, carbon dioxide and UV-B effects. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 6: 2-12.
Schultz HR, Stoll M. 2010. Some critical issues in environmental physiology of grapevines: Future challenges and current limitations. Australian Journal of Grape Wine Research, 16: 4–24.
Schymanski SJ, Or D. 2015. Wind increases leaf water use efficiency. Plant, Cell & Environment, 39: 1448-1459.
Smart RE. 1985. Principles of grapevine canopy microclimate manipulation with implications for yield and quality: A review. American Society for Enology and Viticulture, 36(3)230-239.
Uysal T, Boz Y, Yaşasın AS, Gündüz A, Avcı GG, Sağlam M, Öztürk L, Kıran T, Solak E. 2016. Türkiye asma genetik kaynaklarının belirlenmesi, muhafazası ve tanımlanması üzerinde araştırmalar (Milli Koleksiyon Bağı Tesisi). Bahçe, 45:525-529.
Valentini G, Allegro G, Pastore C, Colucci E, Magnanini E, Filippetti I. 2019. Climate change and vine training systems: The influence different spatial distribution of shoots may have on sugar accumulation in Sangiovese grapevines. BIO Web of Conferences, 13: 04006.
Yabacı SK, Cabaroğlu T. 2018. Topraktan şaraba Bornova Misketi’nin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 47:537-549.
Yayla F. 2008. Milli Koleksiyon Bağındaki Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Şaraplık Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Tekirdağ Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Tekirdağ.