Hemşirelik ve Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Kültürel Duyarlılıklarının Zenofobi İle İlişkisi

Amaç: Kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve zenofobi konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmak hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinin nitelikli bakım verebilmelerine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinin kültürel duyarlılıklarını ve zenofobi ile ilişkisini incelenmektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmada, 486 hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencisinden Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği (KDÖ), Yabancı Düşmanlığı Ölçeği (YDÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı Ölçeği-TR (YDÖ-TR) kulalnılarak veri toplanmıştır.Verilerin analizinde tanımlayacı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H ve Spearman korelasyon testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: KDÖ farklılıklara saygı duyma, etkileşimde özgüven ve zevk alma ile ZÖ toplam arasında negatif yönde; KDÖ tüm puan türleri ile ZÖ aşağılama arasında pozitif yönde ilişki görülmüştür. Ayrıca KDÖ toplam, farklılıklara saygı duyma ve zevk alma ile ZÖ nefret arasında negatif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur. KDÖ zevk alma ile ZÖ korku arasında da negatif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır (p

Anahtar Kelimeler:

nursing students, Kültürlerarası duyarlılık, yabancı düşmanlığ, hemşirelik öğrencileri, ebelik öğrencileri

The Relationships Between Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Cultural Sensitivity and Xenophobia

Objective: Knowing about intercultural sensitivity and xenophobia benefits nursing and midwifery students by helping them to provide high quality care. This study aims to examine the cultural sensitivity of nursing and midwifery students and its relationship with xenophobia. Method: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 486 nursing and midwifery students completed the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS), the Xenophobia Scale (XS) and the Xenophobia Scale-TR (XS-TR). In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and Spearman’s correlation tests were used. Results: Students' total ISS score average is 79.31 ± 7.20; the average XS score is 45.64 ± 11.18 and the total XS-TR score average is 48.98 ± 13.89. There was found a negative correlation between total ISS, Respect for Cultural Differences, interaction confidence and interaction enjoyment, and total XS-TR; a positive correlation between all types of ISS scores and XS-TR humiliation. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the total ISS, Respect for Differences and Appreciation and XS-TR Hate. Additionally, a negative correlation between the Enjoyment of ISS and XS-TR Fear (p

Keywords:

Intercultural sensivity, xenophobia, nursing students, midwifery students,

PDF

___

Aslan, G., Kartal, A., Turan, T., Yigitoglu, G., and Kayan, S. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity of university students studying at health-related departments and some associated factors. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 27(2), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.26650/fnjn420577
Baksi, A., Sürücü, H., and Duman, M. (2019). Evaluation of the intercultural sensitivity and related factors of nursing students. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, January. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2019.75046
Bozdağ, F., and Kocatürk, M. (2017). Development of xenophobia scale: Validity and reliability analysis. The Journal of International Social Research, 10(52), 615–620. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2017.1921
Bulduk, S., Tosun, H., and Ardıç, E. (2011). Measurement properties of Turkish Intercultural Sensitivity Scale among nursing students. Turkish Clinics J of Medical Ethics, 19(1), 25–31.
Bulduk, S., Usta, E., and Dinçer, Y. (2017). Determination of intercultural sensitivity and ınfluencing factors: An example of vocational school of health. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute, 7(2), 73–77.
Campbell, E. K., Kandala, N. B., and Oucho, J. O. (2016). Do education and urbanism really contribute to reduce xenophobia in African societies? Evidence from Botswana. Migration and Development, 7(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/doi: org/10.1080/21632324.2016.1217613
Canetti-Nisim, D, Halperin, E., Hobfoll, S. E. and Johnson, R. E. (2006). Xenophobia towards Palestinian citizens of Israel among Russian immigrants in Israel: Heightened by Failure to make gains in a new democratic society (Kellogg Institute, The Helen Institute for International Studies).
Ceti̇şli̇, N., Işik, G., Öztornaci, B., Ardahan, E., Uran, B. N., Top, E. D., and Avdal, E. (2016). Intercultural sensitivity of nursing students according to their empathy level. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 1(11), 27–33.
Chen, G.M. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Paper presented at the Biennial Convention of Pacific and Asian Communication Association, January, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Chen, G., and Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication, 3(1), 3–14. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/com_facpubs
Culbertson, P. E. (2009). Xenophobia: the consequences of being a Zimbabwean in South Africa [The American University in Cairo]. https://doi.org/10.2307/368859
Durgun, H., Uzunsoy, E., Tümer, A., and Huysuz, K. (2019). Nursing students' intercultural sensitivity and perceptions of characters and values for world citizenship. Ordu University J Nurs Stud, 2(2), 87–95.
Foronda, C. (2008). A concept analysis of cultural sensitivity. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(3), 207–212.
Hjrem, M. (1998). “National identities, national pride and xenophobia: A comparison of four western countries.” Acta Sociologica, 41, 335– 347.
Jahoda, G. (2012). Critical reflections on some recent definitions of “culture.” Culture and Psychology, 18(3), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X12446229
Kılıç, S. P., and Sevinç, S. (2018). The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617716518
Martínez García, J. M., and Martín López, M. J. (2015). Group violence and migration experience among Latin American youths in justice enforcement centers (Madrid, Spain). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, E85. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.87
Meydanlioglu, A., Arikan, F., and Gozum, S. (2015). Cultural sensitivity levels of university students receiving education in health disciplines. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 20(5), 1195–1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9595-z
Nyamnjoh, F. B. (2006). Insiders and outsiders: Citizenship and xenophobia in contemporary Southern Africa. Zed Books.
Öğüt, N., and Olkun, O. E. (2018). Intercultural sensitivity level of university students: Selçuk university example. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 69, 513–525.
Ommundsen, R., Van der Veer, K., Yakushko, O., and Ulleberg, P. (2013). Exploring the relationships between fear-related xenophobia, perceptions of out-group entitativity, and social contact in Norway. Psychological Reports, 112(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.2466/17.07.21.PR0.112.1.109-124
Özmete, E., Yildirim, H., and Duru, S. (2018). Adaptation of the scale of xenophobia to Turkish culture: Validity and reliability study. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 40(2), 191–209.
Padir, M. A. (2019). Examining xenophobia in syrian refugees context: the roles of perceived threats and social contact. (Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy' Thesis), Middle East Technical University of the Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
Rengi, Ö., and Polat, S. (2014). Primary teachers’ perception of cultural diversity and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of World of Turks, 6(3), 135–156.
Suleman, S., Garber, K. D., and Rutkow, L. (2018). Xenophobia as a determinant of health: an integrative review. J Public Health Pol, 39, 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-018-0140-1
Tamam, E. (2010). Examining Chen and Starosta’s model of intercultural sensitivity in a multiracial collectivistic country. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 39(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2010.534860
Tortumluoğlu, G. (2004). Transcultural nursing and the samples of cultural care models. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 8(2), 47–57.
Tsai, J. H. C. (2006). Xenophobia, ethnic community, and immigrant youths’ friendship network formation. Adolescence, 41(162), 285–298. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16981617
Üstün, E. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnikmerkezcilik düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler [Factors affecting teacher candidates’ intercultural sensitivity and ethnocentrism levels] (Unpublished Master’s Thesis), Yildiz Teknik University of Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
van der Veer, K., Ommundsen, R., Yakushko, O., Higler, L., Woelders, S., and Hagen, K. A. (2013). Psychometrically and qualitatively validating a cross-national cumulative measure of fear-based xenophobia. Quality and Quantity, 47(3), 1429–1444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9599-6
van der Veer, K., Yakushko, O., Ommundsen, R., and Higler, L. (2011). Cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia: Development of a cumulative scale. Psychological Reports, 109(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.17.PR0.109.4.27-42
Yılmaz, F., and Göçen, S. (2013). Investigation of the prospective primary teachers’ intercultural sensitivity levels in of certain variables. Adiyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 373–392.
Zeisset, M. (2016). The happiest xenophobes on earth: examining anti-immigrant sentiments in the Nordic countries. In Res Publica-Journal of Undergraduate Research (Vol. 21). http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol21/iss1/6http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol21/iss1/6