Florun İnsan Sağlığına Olumsuz Etkisi Var Mı?

Flor, minede demineralizasyonu inhibe eder ve remineralizasyonu destekler. Sistemik veya topikal olarak uygulanan flor ile asit ataklarına dirençli florapatit veya florhidroksilapatit ve kalsiyum-florür oluşumu gerçekleşmektedir. Florun sistemik uygulamasında suyun, tuzun, sütün florlanması, flor tabletleri, damlaları, topikal uygulamasında ise florlu diş macunları, gargaraları, flor jelleri ve vernikler kullanılmaktadır. Flor esas etkinliğini topikal uygulama sonrasında tükürükte ve plakta düşük miktarlarda bulunduğunda göstermektedir. Tek seferde ve toksik doz olarak kabul edilen 5 mg/kg flor alımı akut flor toksisitesine, optimal dozdan biraz daha yüksek, uzun süreli flor alınması kronik flor toksisitesine sebep olmaktadır. Kronik flor toksisitesinde dental florozis ve iskeletsel florozis görülebilmektedir. Florun kemikte birikimiyle iskeletsel deformasyon, büyümede gerilik ortaya çıkabilirken, yüksek miktarlarda kullanımı sonrasında karaciğer, böbrek, beyin ve beyincik gibi yumuşak dokularda da birikim ve zararlı etkiler oluşabilmektedir. Hayvan çalışmalarında florun yüksek dozlarda kullanımı sonrasında santral sinir sisteminde nörodejeneratif değişiklikler gösterilmiştir. Doğal içme sularında yüksek flor bulunan Hindistan, Çin gibi ülkelerde yüksek flor seviyesi ile düşük IQ'nun ilişkilendirildiği çalışmalarda zeka seviyesi (IQ)'ni etkileyen diğer faktörlerin değerlendirilmesindeki eksiklik güvenirlikleri açısından şüpheler doğurmaktadır. Bu derlemede, sistemik ve topikal flor uygulaması sonrası kan değerleri ve dolayısıyla dokularda birikimin farklılığı da dikkatle alınarak florun insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri irdelenmektedir.

Does Fluoride Have Negative Impact on Human Health?

Fluoride inhibits demineralization and promotes remineralization in enamel. Acid resistant fluorapatite, fluorhydroxyapatite, calcium-fluoride formations are seen after systemic or topical fluoride applications. Water, salt and milk fluoridation, tablets, drops are used for systemic; toothpastes, rinses, varnish, gels are used for topical administration. Fluoride shows its main activity when found in low levels in saliva and plaque after topical application. 5 mg/kg fluoride uptake is considered as toxic dose, taking long term slightly higher doses then optimal fluoride leads to chronic fluoride toxicity. Dental and skeletal fluorosis can be seen in chronic toxicity. Skeletal deformation, growth retardation occurs with bone accumulation and accumulation and adverse effects may occur in soft tissues like liver, kidney, brain and cerebellum.Neurodegenerative changes in the central nervous system has been shown in animal studies. Studies that associated high fluoride consumption and low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) levels were performed in countries like India, China with high fluoride in natural drinking water where the deficiencies in evaluating other factors in these studies doubt their reliability. Blood values and,therefore the differences in the accumulation in tissues after systemic and topical fluoride applications were taken into account while the overall effect of fluoride on human health are discussed.

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