Zekiye KARACA BOZDAĞ, AYLA KÜRKÇÜOĞLU, Ayça ÜSTDAL GÜNEY, Yener ÇAM, ÖZKAN OĞUZ

An Assessment of Gender Difference in Visual Cephalometric Analysis Applied to Class I Individuals: A Preliminary Study

Cephalometric analyzes play an important role in determining the individual's skeletal and dental structure, soft tissue and their relationship to each other. Visual cephalometric analyzes are primarily based on determining the fitness between mid-face and maxilla, then positioning the mandible relative to the midface. Thus, as in the other cephalometric analyzes, changes related to the treatment and development of the current state of the individual are determined. In the study we aimed to reveal sex-related changes of four different angles and compare them with the norm. This study was performed on right lateral cephalometric views of 80 healthy (40 women, 40 men) Turkish individuals in Anatolia aged 21-71, with Class I skeletal (ANB=2.19±1.43). In all images, angles formed by long axis of the upper incisor and palatal plan (U1/PP); the long axis of the lower incisor and mandibular plan (A1/MP); the long axes of the lower and incisor (U1/A1); the palatal plan and mandibular plan (PP/MP) were analyzed. The PP/MP value of women was found to be significantly higher than men’s (p

PDF

___

Fastlicht J. A visual cephalometric analysis. J Clin Orthod. 2000; 68: 354-360.

Abdulazeez F, Köklü A. Fastlicht visual Sefalometrik analizinin toplumumuzdaki normları. Doktora tezi. T. C. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 2014; Ankara (in Turkish).

Lundström A, Forsberg CM, Peck S, McWilliam J. A proportional analysis of the soft tissue facial profile in young adults with normal occlusion. The Angle Orthodontist 1992; 62(2): 128-133.

Enöz M, Yanardağ H, Güven M. Osas’lı hastaların üst solunum yollarının değerlendirilmesindeki kullanılan teknikler. KBBForum 2006; 5(3) (in Turkish).

Uzel İ, Enacar A. Ortodontide Sefalometri. Yargıçoğlu Matbaası, 1. basım, İstanbul, 1984; 10- 14 (in Turkish).

Ruhi N, Gökhan Ö. Arnett yumuşak doku sefalometrik analizi. S.D.Ü Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012; 3(2): 96-102 (in Turkish).

Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning Part II. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993; 103:395-411.

Farkas LG, Hajnis K, Posnick JC. Anthropometric and anthroposcopic findings of the nasal and facial region in cleft patients before and after primary lip and palate repair. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1993; 30: 1-12.

Farkas LG, Katic MJ, Forrest CR. International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups/races. J Craniofac Surg 2005; 16: 615-646.

Baral P, Lobo SW, Menezes RG, et al. An anthropometric study of facial height among four endogamous communities in the Sunsari district of Nepal. Singapore Med J 2010; 51(3): 212-215.

Jahanshahi M, Golalipour MJ, Heidari K. Theeffect of ethnicity on facial anthropometry in Northern Iran. Singapore Med J 2008; 49(11): 940-943.

Farkas LG, Tompson BD, Katic MJ, et al. Differences between direct (anthropometric) and indirect (cephalometric) measurements of the skull. J Craniofac Surg 2002; 13: 105-108.

Uzel İ, Enacar A. Ortodontide Sefalometri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi 2000; Adana (in Turkish).

Ülgen M. Ortodonti anomaliler, sefalometri, etiyoloji, büyüme ve gelişim, tanı. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Yayınları Bölüm 8. 2001 Ankara (in Turkish).

Ajayi EO. Cephalometric norms of Nigerian children. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2005; 128: 653-656.

Ricketts RM, Schulhof RJ, Bagha L. Orientation Sella-Nasion or Frankfort Horizontal. Am J Orthod 1976; 69: 648-655.

Jacobson A. Application of witts appraisal. Am J Orthod 1976; 70: 179-198.

Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod 1953; 39: 729-755.

Cotton WN, Takano WS, Wong WW. The downs analysis applied to three other ethnic groups. Angle Orthod 1951; 21: 213-20.

Ceylan İ, Gazilerli Ü. Erzurum yöresi çocuklarındaki Steiner, Downs ve Tweed ölçümlerinin diğer bazı gruplarla karşılaştırılması. A.Ü. Diş Hek Fak Derg 1992; 19: 143-152 (in Turkish).

Uysal T, Sarı Z. Posteroanterior Cephalometric norms in Turkish Adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127: 324-32 (in Turkish).

Erbay EF, Caniklioğlu CM. Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults: Part II. Comparison of different soft tissue analyses in the evaluation of beauty. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2002; 121: 65-72.

Wu J, Hagg U, Rabie ABM. Chinese norms of McNamara’s Cephalometric Analysis. Angle Orthod 2007; 77: 12-20.

Burstone C, James R, Legan H, Murphy G, Norton L. Cephalometrics For Orthognathic Surgery. J Oral Surg 1978; 36: 269–277.

Sangcharearn Y, Ho C. Maxillary incisor angulation and its effect on molar relationship. Angle Orthod 2007; 77(2): 221-225.

Uner O. The Roentgeno cephalometric differences between occlusion and rest position of the mandible in tweed triangle. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentisry 1974; vol:8 no:3.

Ellis E, Mcnamara JA. Cephalometric evaluation of incisor position. Angle Orthod 1986; 56: 324– 344.

Müller G. Growth and development of the middle face. J Dent Res 1963; 42: 385-399.

Sassouni V. A classification of skeletal facial types. Am J Orthod 1969; 55: 109-123.

Nahoum HI, Horowitz SL, Benedicto EA. Varieties of anterior openbite. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1972; 61: 486-92.

Kim YH. Overbite depth indicator with particular reference to anterior openbite. Am J Orthod. Dentofac Orthop 1974; 65(6): 586-611.

Schendel SA, Eisenfeld J, Bell WH, Epker B, Misholovich DJ. The long face syndrome: Vertical maxillary excess. Am J Orthod 1976; 70: 398-408.

Trouten JC, Enlow DH, Rabine M, Phelps AE, Swedlow D. Morphologic factors in openbite and deepbite. Angle Orthod 1983; 53: 192-211.

Öz U, Rübendüz M. Farklı rotasyon modellerine sahip sınıf II, 1 maloklüzyonlu bireyler ile sınıf I bireyler arasındaki dentoalveolar ve kraniyofasiyal yapı farklılıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Doktora tezi. T. C. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 2009; Ankara (in Turkish).

Gürsoy N, Uğur T, Gürsoy S. Normal kapanışlı Türklerde sefalometrik norm araştırması. I.Ü. Diş Hek Fak Derg 1973; 7: 333-343 (in Turkish).

Bishara SE, Augspurger EF. The role of mandibular plane inclination in orthodontic diagnosis. Angle Orthod 1975; 45: 273–281.

Opdebeeck H, Bell WH, Eisenfeld J, Mishelevich D. Comparative study between the SFS and LFS rotation as a possible morphogenic mechanism. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1978; 74: 509-521.

Siriwat PP, Jarabak JR. Malocclusion and facial morphology is there a relationship? Angle Orthod 1985; 55: 127-138.

Ishikawa H, Nakamura S, Iwasaki H, Kitazawa S, Tsukada H, Sato Y. Dentoalveolar compensation related to variations in sagittal jaw relationships. Angle Orthod 1999; 69: 534-538.