Kalkınma Söylemi ve Anlamının Değişimi-I: 1950-1980

Ana akım kalkınma düşüncesi ve bu düşüncenin beraberinde getirdiği hedefler ve stratejiler 2. Dünya Savaşı’nda itibaren sürekli değişime uğramıştır. Kalkınma kavramı bu değişimin her safhasında bir öncekinden daha fazla iktisadi ve sosyal olguyu içine alacak şekilde genişlemiştir. Bu makalenin amacı kalkınma söyleminin 2. Dünya Savaşı’ndan 1980’e kadar geçirmiş olduğu değişim aşamalarını teşhis etmektir. Kalkınma söyleminin değişim aşamaları ve evrildiği yön, belirlenen zaman aralığındaki kalkınma teorileri ve ilişikli politik uygulamalar incelenerek tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kalkınma söyleminin değişimi takip edildiğinde, kalkınma söylemine dair iki ana trendin öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Ayrıştırma olarak adlandırılabilecek ilk trend, kalkınma düşüncesinin sürekli olarak ekonominin daha küçük ve bu sebeple de daha fazla alanına yoğunlaşma çabasıdır. İkinci trend ise kalkınma düşüncesinin git gide daha insan-odaklı yaklaşımları benimseme çabasıdır olarak ifade edilebilir.

The Evolution of Development Discourse and the Meaning of Development-I: 1950-1980

The mainstream development discourse as well as its objectives and strategies witnessed great evolution since WWII. In every stage of its evolution, the term “development” expanded its meaning, covering more and more economic and social concepts. The present paper aims to identify the evolutionary stages of development with regard to the meaning attached to the discourse since WWII until 1980. Identification of such an evolutionary path helps development thinking to learn from its own history, build future ideas, and therefore show progress. Examining theories and associated political practices within the realm of development discourse for the intended time interval, two observable trends catch attention throughout the evolution of development discourse. One is the trend of disaggregation. New approaches from WWII onwards have continuously developed by disaggregating the total economy into its sub-contents such as agriculture, employment, and poverty. The second one is the trend of development ideas becoming more human-centered over time.

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