Küreselleşmenin Ulusların Çevresel Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Toplumların hayatlarının her alanını etkileyen küreselleşmenin pek tabii çevre üzerinde de etkisi olacaktır. Çevreyle ilgili sorunların ve buna bağlı olarak çevresel duyarlılığın giderek daha fazla artması ile ülkelerin çevresel performanslarını ölçme ve değerlendirmeleri son yıllarda daha çok önem kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda küreselleşmenin ülkelerin çevresel performanslarına etkisini belirlemeye yönelik yapılan bu çalışmada, ekonomik, sosyal ve politik küreselleşme boyutlarından oluşan ve İsviçre Ekonomi Enstitüsü tarafından yayınlanan KOF Küreselleşme Endeksi ile yine ülkelerin çevresel performansını çok yönlü ölçmeye imkân tanıyan ve Yale Çevre Hukuku ve Politikası Merkezi tarafından yayınlanan Çevresel Performans Endeksinden (ÇPE) yararlanılmıştır. Gayri safi yurt içi hasılanın kontrol değişkeni olarak dâhil edildiği bu çalışmada üç değişkenin de ortak olarak verilerinin bulunduğu 174 ülkenin verileri ile analizler yapılmıştır. Model, yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) vasıtasıyla çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre küreselleşmenin sosyal ve politik boyutlarının çevresel performansa pozitif yönde etki yaptıkları görülmüştür. Ekonomik küreselleşmenin ise çevresel performans üzerindeki etkisi anlamlı değildir. Bununla birlikte GSYİH, politik küreselleşme ile çevresel performans arasındaki pozitif ilişkiyi güçlendirirken, sosyal küreselleşme ile çevresel performans arasındaki pozitif ilişkiyi zayıflatmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küreselleşme, Çevresel Performans, KOF Küreselleşme Endeksi, Çevresel Performans Endeksi

The Impact of Globalization on Envıronmental Performance of Nations

Globalization, which affects every aspect of societies also have an impact on the environment. In recent years, it has become more important for countries to measure and evaluate their environmental performance as environmental problems and consequently environmental awareness increases. In this context, the KOF Globalization Index published by the Swiss Economic Institute, which is composed of economic, social and political globalization dimensions and The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) published by the Yale Environmental Law and Policy Centre, which measures the environmental performance extensively were used to determine the impact of globalization on the environmental performance of countries. In this study, where the gross domestic product was included as a control variable, analyses were made with the data of 174 countries in which all three variables have common data. Multiple regression analysis by employing structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the relationships in the model. According to the results of the analysis, social and political dimensions of globalization have positive effects on environmental performance. The impact of economic globalization on environmental performance is not significant. Besides, GDP strengthens the positive relationship between political globalization and environmental performance, while weakening the positive relationship between social globalization and environmental performance.

Keywords:

Globalization, Environmental Performance, KOF Globalization Index, Environmental Performance Index,

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