Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarını Etkileyen Kurumsal Faktörler: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Örneği

Yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını hukuk, eğitim, sivil ve politik haklar gibi kurumlar etkileyebilmektedir. Bunun yanında kurumların etkisi yabancı sermaye türüne ve ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyesine göre değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 26 gelişmekte olan ve 29 gelişmiş olmak üzere toplam 55 ekonominin 2002-2017 dönemine ait verileri kullanılarak yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını etkileyen kurumsal faktörler, kurumsal faktörlerin ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerine göre değişip değişmediği ve kurumsal faktörlerin doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve yabancı portföy yatırımları türlerine göre değişip değişmediği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sermaye birikimleri yetersiz ve yabancı sermaye yatırımları yoluyla ekonomik gelişme sağlamak isteyen ekonomiler açısından önem arz etmektedir. Genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemiyle yapılan çalışma sonuçları, kurumsal faktörlerin yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını etkiledikleri ve kurumsal kalitenin yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını artırdığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve yabancı portföy yatırımları türlerine göre kurumsal faktör etkilerinin pek değişmediği, ancak ülkelerin gelişmişlik farkları esas alındığında yabancı sermaye yatırım türlerine göre kurumsal faktör etkilerinde bazı değişiklikler olduğu belirlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları, Kurumsal Faktörler, Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları, Yabancı Portföy Yatırımları, Panel Veri Analizi

Institutions Factors Affecting Foreign Capital Investments: Evidence from Developed and Ememrging Countries

Institutions such as law, education, civil and political rights can affect foreign capital investments. In addition, the impact of institutions may vary depending on the type of foreign capital and the level of development of countries. In this study, using the data of 55 economies, 26 emerging and 29 developed countries, for the period of 2002-2017, it has been investigated that the institutional factors affecting foreign capital investments whether the institutional factors affecting foreign capital investments have changed according to the developmental levels of the countries and whether the institutional factors have been changed according to the types of foreign direct investments and foreign portfolio investments. The study is important for economies that have insufficient capital stocks and want to achieve economic development through foreign capital investments. The results of the study using generalized moments method showed that institutional factors affect foreign capital investments and that institutional quality increases foreign capital investments. Moreover, it was observed that the institutional factor effects did not change much according to the types of foreign direct investments and foreign portfolio investments. However, it is determined that there are some changes in institutional factor effects according to foreign investment types according to the development differences of countries.

Keywords:

Foreign Capital Investments, Intitutional Factors, Foreign Direct Investments, Foreign Portfolio Investments, Panel Data Analysis,

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