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Bangladeş'in Rohıngyalıları Geri Göndermesine Yönelik Çalışmaları ve Karşılaşılan Zorlukları; Eleştirel Bir Analiz

Bu araştırma, Bangladeş'in 2017'den 2022'ye kadar Bangladeş'ten Myanmar'a Rohingyaları geri gönderme çabalarının önündeki zorlukları araştırıyor. Myanmar güvenlik güçleri, 1978'den 2017'ye son varışlarına kadar bir milyondan fazla Rohingyalıyı Bangladeş'e göç etmeye zorladı. Birleşmiş Milletler Yüksek Komiserliği İnsan Hakları, Rohingya'ya yönelik zulmü 'etnik temizliğin bir ders kitabı örneği' olarak belirledi. Dünyanın en çok ezilen etnik azınlıklarından biri olan Rohingyalılar, on yıldan beri Myanmar'ın sert etnik politikalarının hedefi oluyor. Bangladeş'in Rohingyaların geri göndermesine yönelik uzun çabaları, Myanmar'ın Bangladeş ile işbirliği yapmaması ve jeostratejik-ekonomik çıkarlarının yanı sıra ağırlıklı olarak Rusya ve Çin'in veto uygulamaları nedeniyle gerçekleşmedi. Bu çalışma, ilk olarak, Rohingyaların birçoğunu Bangladeş'e sürükleyen yıllarca süren zulmü açıklamaktadır; ikinci olarak, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin gücü ve işlevi ile Bangladeş'in Rohingyaların ülkelerine geri dönüşüne yönelik diplomatik çabalarını tartışmaktadır; ve son olarak, Çin ve Rus 'vetolarının' Bangladeş'ten anavatanlarına güvenli bir şekilde geri dönüşüne yönelik önlemleri nasıl engellediğini açıklamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Myanmar, Rohingya, Persecution, Repatriation, Bangladesh, Veto

Bangladesh’s Endeavors for Rohingya Repatriation and Challenges; A Critical Analysis

This research investigates the challenges to Bangladesh’s endeavors for Rohingya repatriation from Bangladesh to Myanmar since 2017 to 2022. Myanmar security forces forced more than one million Rohingya to migrate to Bangladesh since 1978 till the last arrival of them in 2017. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights marked the persecution on Rohingya ‘a textbook example of ethnic cleansing’(United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2017). Rohingya, one of the globe's most oppressed ethnic minorities, has been targeted by Myanmar's harsh ethnic policies for decade after decade. Bangladesh’s long efforts for Rohingya repatriation did not materialize because of Myanmar’s non-cooperation with Bangladesh and geostrategic-economic interest as well as the application of vetoes mainly by Russia and China. This study, firstly, explains the years-long persecution of the Rohingya, that ultimately drove many of them to Bangladesh; secondly, it discusses the power and function of the United Nations Security Council and Bangladesh’s diplomatic efforts for Rohingya repatriation; and finally, it explained how Chinese and Russian ‘vetoes’ inhibited measures for safe Rohingya repatriation from Bangladesh to their homeland.

Keywords:

Myanmar, Rohingya, Persecution, Repatriation Bangladesh, Challenges, Endeavours, Veto, UNSC, Negotiations,

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