FİRMA BÜYÜKLÜĞÜ BAĞLAMINDA YENİLİK, İŞBİRLİĞİ VE BİLGİ KAYNAKLARINDAN YARARLANMA

Firmalar, sahip oldukları kaynakların yanı sıra, dış çevrede bulunan fırsat ve imkânlar ile bağlantıları kullanarak yenilik sürecinde başarı kazanabilirler. Yapılan çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren farklı büyüklükteki firmalarda, yeniliği etkileyen, finansal desteklerden yararlanma, işbirliği ve bilgi kaynaklarına erişim faktörlerinin uygulama seviyesinin belirlenerek, firma büyüklükleri ile değişim gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, firma seviyesinde bilgi içeren Türkiye İstatistik Kurumunun (TÜİK) Yenilik Araştırması 2012 verisinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, firma büyüklüğü arttıkça yenilik yapma başarısının arttığını, ancak yenilikçi çıktı oranında küçük ve orta ölçekli firmalar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Büyük firmalar hem sunulan imkânlara ulaşmada, hem de etkin olarak bu imkânları kullanmada küçük ve orta büyüklükteki firmalara göre daha iyi durumdadır. Firma ölçeği küçüldükçe işbirlikleri ve dış bağlantılar azalmaktadır. Firmaların yenilik faaliyetleri için, kamu kurum/kuruluşları ve Avrupa Birliği kurumlarının finansal desteklerinden yararlanma oranının firma büyüklüğü ile artması dikkat çekici sonuçlar arasındadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Firma büyüklüğü, Yenilik, İşbirliği, Bilgi kaynakları.

INNOVATION, COLLABORATION AND UTILIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE SOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF FIRM SIZE

Firms can succeed in innovation process by using external opportunities, relations and possibilities as well as their own resources. In this study the application-level of factors affecting innovation such as gaining financial support, access to knowledge sources and cooperation was analyzed whether they change with the firm size. In this regard, firm-level data of Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) Innovation Survey 2012 were used. Findings have revealed that innovation success of firms improves along with the number of employees; but there is no significant difference in the proportion of innovative outputs between small and medium-sized firms. Large firms are in a better state regarding both accessing and effective use of opportunities comparing to small and medium-sized firms. On the other hand, level of collaborations and external links also decreases with the size of the firms. The increase in the rate of firms’ utilization of financial resources or innovation subsidies from public institutions/organizations and European Union institutions along with the firm size is among the remarkable results.Keywords: Firm size, Innovation, Collaboration, Knowledge sources.

PDF

___

Acs, Z. ve Audretsch, D. (1990). Innovation and small firms. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Acs, Z.J. (1992). Small business economics: A global perspective. Challenge, 35: 38-44.
Alstrup, L. (2000). Coaching continuous improvement in small enterprises. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 11 (3): 165-170.
Barrett, P. ve Sexton, M. (2006). Innovation in small, project-based construction firms. British Journal of Management, 17 (4): 331-346.
Batmaz, N. ve Özcan, A. (2008). Yeniliği etkileyen unsurlar ve toplumsal refah ilişkisi. International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, 1 (1): 43-66.
Beaver, G. ve Prince, C. (2002). Innovation, entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the entrepreneurial venture. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9 (1): 28-37.
Benavente, J.M. (2006). The role of research and innovation in promoting productivity in Chile. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 15 (4): 301-315.
Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open innovation: the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business School Press: Boston.
De Jong, J.P.J. ve Vermeulen, P.A.M. (2006). Determinants of product innovation in small firms a comparison across industries. International Small Business Journal, 24: 587-609.
Degner, H. (2011). Do technological booms matter? New evidence on the relationship between firm size and innovativeness. Cliometrica, 5: 121-144.
Forrest, J.E. (1990). Strategic alliances and the small technology-based firm. Journal of Small Business Management, 28 (3): 37-45.
Freel, M. (2003). Sectoral patterns of small firm innovation, networking and proximity. Research Policy, 32 (5): 751-770.
Frenz, M. ve Prevezer, M. (2012). What can CIS data tell us about technological regimes and persistence of innovation? Industry and Innovation, 19 (4): 285-306.
Gallego, J., Rubalcaba, L. ve Hipp, C. (2012). Organizational innovation in small European firms: a multidimensional approach. International Small Business Journal, 31 (5): 563-579.
Grando, A. ve Belverede, V. (2006). District’s manufacturing performances: a comparison among large, small-to-medium-sized and district enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 104: 85-99.
Günday, G., Ulusoy, G., Kılıç, K. ve Alpkan, L. (2008). Modeling innovation: determinants of innovativeness and the impact of innovation on firm performance. REF Working Paper 07/2008.
Hadjimanolis, A. (2000). An investigation of innovation antecedents in small firms in the context of a small developing country. R&D Management, 30 (3): 235-245.
Hansen, J.A. (1992). Innovation, firm size, and firm age. Small Business Economics, 4: 37-44.
Hansen, O.E., Søndergaêrd, B. ve Meredith, S. (2002). Environmental innovations in small and medium sized enterprises. Technology Analysis&Strategic Management, 14 (1): 37-56.
Hartman, E.A., Tower, C.B. ve Sebora, T.C. (1994). Information sources and their relationship to organizational innovation in small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 32 (1): 36-47.
Hewitt-Dundas, N. (2006). Resource and capability constraints to innovation in small and large plants. Small Business Economics, 26: 257-277.
Huergo, E. (2006). The role of technological management as a source of innovation: evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. Research Policy, 35: 1377-1388.
Keizer, J.A, Dijkstra, L. ve Halman, J.I.M. (2002). Explaining innovative efforts of SMEs. An exploratory survey among SMEs in the mechanical and electrical engineering sector in the Netherlands. Technovation, 22 (1): 1-13.
Klevorick, A.K., Levin, R.C., Nelson, R. ve Winter, S. (1995). On the sources and significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities. Research Policy, 24 (2): 195-205.
Kumar, K., Boesso, G., Favotto, F. ve Menini, A. (2012). Strategic orientation, innovation patterns and performances of SMEs and large companies. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19 (1): 132-145.
Laforet, S. (2013). Organizational innovation outcomes in SMEs: effects of age, size, and sector. Journal of World Business, 48: 490-502.
Laursen, K. ve Salter, A. (2006). Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27 (2): 131-150.
Le Blanc, L.J., Nash, R., Gallagher, D., Gonda, K. ve Kakizaki, F. (1997). A comparison of US and Japanese technology management and innovation. International Journal of Technology Management, 13 (5/6): 601-614.
Leiponen, A. (2005). Skill and innovation. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 23: 303-323.
Macpherson, A.D. (1997). A comparison of within-firm and external sources of product innovation. Growth and Change, 28: 289-308.
Mairesse, J. ve Mohnen, P. (2001). To be or not to be innovative: an exercise in measurement. Cambridge, MA, NBER Working Paper No. 8644.
McAdam, R., Moffett, S., Hazlett, S.A. ve Shevlin, M. (2010). Developing a model of innovation implementation for UK SMEs: a path analysis and explanatory case analysis. International Small Business Journal, 28: 195-214.
Miller, R.G. (1969). Simultaneous statistical inference. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nieto, M.J. ve Santamaría, L. (2010). Technological collaboration: bridging the innovation gap between small and large firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 48 (1): 44-69.
Oakey, R., Rothwell, R. ve Cooper, S. (1988). Management of innovation in high technology small firms. London, Pinter Publishers.
OECD (2005). SME and entrepreneurship outlook. OECD, Paris.
Oerlemans, L., Marius, A.G., Meeus, T.H. ve Boekema, F.W.M. (2001). Firm clustering and innovation: determinants and effects. Papers in Regional Science, 80: 337-356.
Oke, A. ve Oke, M.I. (2010). Communication channels, innovation tasks and NPD project outcomes in innovation-driven horizontal networks. Journal of Operations Management, 28: 442-453.
Peeters, C. ve Van Pottelsberghe, B. (2003). Measuring innovation competencies and performances: a survey of R&D firms in Belgium. Working Papers, CEB 04-05.
Rogers, M. (2004). Networks, firm size and innovation. Small Business Economics, 22: 141-153.
Rothwell, R. (1989). Small firms, innovation and industrial change. Small Business Economics, 1: 51-64.
Rothwell, R. (1994). Towards the fifth-generation innovation process. International Marketing Review, 11 (1): 7-31.
Rothwell, R. ve Zegveld, W. (1982). Innovation and the small and medium sized firm. London, Frances Pinter.
Santos, D.F.L., Basso, L.F.C., Kimura, H. ve Kayo, E.K. (2014). Innovation efforts and performances of Brazilian firms. Journal of Business Research, 67: 527-535.
Schildt, H.A., Maula, M.V.J. ve Keil, T. (2005). Explorative and exploitative learning from external corporate ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29 (4): 493-515.
Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York, Harper.
Shefer, D. ve Frenkel, A. (2005). R&D, firm size and innovation: an empirical analysis. Technovation, 25: 25-32.
Soh, P.H. (2003). The role of networking alliances in information acquisition and its implications for new product performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (6): 727-744.
Teece, D.J. (1996). Firm organisation, industrial structure, and technological innovation. Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, 31: 193-224.
Tether, B.S. (1998). Small and large firms: sources of unequal innovations? Research Policy, 27: 725-745.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J. ve Pavitt, K. (2005). Managing innovation: integrating technological, market and organisational change. Chichester, Wiley.
Tsai, K.H. ve Wang, J.C. (2005). Does R&D performance decline with firm size? A re-examination in terms of elasticity. Research Policy, 34: 966-976.
Ulusoy, G., Alpkan, L., Kılıç, K. ve Öner, A. (2008). İmalat sanayiinde inovasyon modelleri ve uygulamaları. TÜBİTAK Proje No: SOBAG-105K105, İstanbul.
Vossen, R. (1999). Relative strengths and weaknesses of small firms in innovation. International Small Business Journal, 16 (3): 88-94.
Zhang, M., Macpherson, A. ve Jones, O. (2006). Conceptualising the learning process in SMEs: improving innovation through external orientation. International Small Business Journal, 24: 299-323.