Çok Katlı Binalarda Gri Suyun Yerinde Arıtılması ile Yeniden Kullanılmasının Fizibilitesi: İstanbul’da Bir Kentsel Dönüşüm Projesi Örneği

Su kıtlığının en önemli konulardan biri olduğu günümüz dünyasında atıksuyun yeniden kullanılması sorunu çözmenin anahtarı olarak görülmektedir. En uygun yöntem ise nispeten düşük kirliliğe sahip olan gri suyu, kanalizasyon sistemine dahil olmadan toplayabilmektir. Mutfak ve banyolardan toplanan gri su, ortak bir arıtma tesisinde arıtıldıktan sonra sifonlarda kullanılmak üzere bireysel kullanıcılara sunulabilir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan bina modelinde aynı katta yer alan dairelerin tuvaletleri dikey eksende birbirlerine yakın bir şekilde konumlandırılmıştır. Böylece atıksuların toplanması için gerekli altyapı borularının uzunluğu en az seviyede tutulabilmiştir. Arıtılmış suyun yeniden kullanılması, mevcut hatlara gri su hatlarının ilavesi ile mümkün olacaktır. Çalışmada, yüksek binalarda inşa edilecek ilave hatların ve kurulacak arıtma tesislerinin ilk yatırım ile işletme ve bakım maliyetleri hesaplanarak sunulmuştur. Arıtma teknolojisi seçenekleri olarak döner biyodisk, membran biyoreaktör ve nanofiltrasyon sistemleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle 160 ve daha fazla daireye sahip çok bloklu veya yüksek katlı binalarda gri suyun kullanımı fizıbıl bulunmakla beraber, en yüksek fayda-maliyet oranına sahip arıtma teknolojisinin nanofiltrasyon sistemi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gri Su, Arıtma, Yeniden Kullanım, Fizibilte, Membran Prosesler

The Feasibility of On-site Greywater Treatment for Non-Potable Reuse in Multi-Storey Buildings: A Case of Urban Transformation Project in Istanbul

In today's world, where water scarcity is one of the most important issues, the reuse of wastewater is seen as the key to solve the problem. The most proper solution is to collect greywater, which has relatively low pollution, separately before entering the sewer system. The greywater collected from kitchens and bathrooms can be served to the individual users and it can be used as flush water after being treated in a common treatment plant. In the model building studied in this paper, the toilets of the apartments on the same floor were located close to the vertical shift, so that the length of the pipes for additional infrastructure required for the collection of wastewater was minimal. The reuse of the treated water was also possible when greywater lines were added to the existing lines. In the study, capital and operation and maintenance costs of these infrastructures and treatment plant to be constructed are presented. The treatment alternatives that had been comparatively evaluated were rotating biodisc, membrane bioreactor, and nanofiltration systems. To conclude, it was found feasible to use greywater especially in multi-block and/or high-rise buildings with 160 or more apartments, at the same time it is concluded that the treatment technology with the highest benefit-cost ratio is the nanofiltration system.

Keywords:

greywater, treatment, reuse, feasibility, membrane processes,

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