Sevil MASAT HARBALİ, Tuğba KAVALALI ERDOĞAN, SEVAL AĞAÇDİKEN ALKAN

Kuhn’un Bilimsel Devrimi ve Hemşirelik Paradigmasına Etkisi

Ontolojik ve epistemolojik sorulara cevaplar arayan hemşirelik bilimi, geçmişten günümüze mesleğin temelini ve sınırlarını araştırmış, hemşirelik biliminin öncüleri mesleğin özünü çeşitli felsefi perspektiflerden açıklamaya çalışmışlardır. Hemşireliğin ilerlemesi ve gelişmesi için devam eden bu arayış, Thomas Kuhn'un “normal bilim” kavramından etkilenmiştir. Kuhn’un bilimsel devrimi, hemşirelik bilgisinin, metaparadigma ve paradigmalarının gelişiminde rol oynamıştır. Bu etkiye rağmen, hemşirelik biliminin merkezine aldığı insanın çok yönlü yapısı ve hızlı değişim gösteren sağlık hastalık süreçleri nedeniyle hemşirelik paradigmasının gelişim süreçleri ve Kuhn’un bilimsel devrim anlayışı arasında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı Kuhn’un bilimsel devriminin hemşirelik paradigması üzerine etkilerini, ortak yanlarını ve farklarını literatür ışığında tartışmak ve eleştirel olarak analiz etmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hemşirelik, Paradigma, Bilim, Hemşirelik felsefesi

Kuhn's Scientific Revolution and Its Effect on the Nursing Paradigm

Nursing science, seeking answers to ontological and epistemological questions, has researched the basis and limits of the profession from past to present. Accordingly, the pioneers of nursing science have tried to explain the essence of the profession from various philosophical perspectives. This search, which is still ongoing for the progress and advancement of nursing, was inspired by Thomas Kuhn's concept of "normal science". Kuhn's scientific revolution played a role in the development of nursing knowledge, metaparadigm and paradigm. Despite this effect, there are differences between the development processes of the nursing paradigm and Kuhn's understanding of scientific revolution, due to the versatile structure of the human being that it takes the center of nursing science and the rapidly changing health-care processes. The purpose of this review is to discuss and critically analyze the effects, commonalities and differences of Kuhn's scientific revolution on nursing paradigm in the light of the literature.

Keywords:

nursing, paradigm, science, philosophy of nursing,

PDF

___

1. Adıgüzel O, Tanrıverdi H, Özkan D. Occupatıonal Professionalism And The Case Of Nurses As The Members Of The Profession. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;9(2):237-258.
2. Lee RC, Fawcett J. The Influence of The Metaparadigm of Nursing on Professional Identity Development Among Rn-Bsn Students. Nurs SciQ. 2013;26(1): 96-98. DOI: 10.1177/0894318412466734.
3. Alligood M. Introduction to nursing theory: Its history, significance, and analysis. In:. Marriner-Tomey A, Alligood MR, eds. Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO:Mosby/Elsevier; 2006:1-15.
4. Danaiefard H. Competing Paradigms in Science, Organization and Management: A Comparative Approach to Ontology, Epistemology and Methodology. Scientific Journal of Research. 2005;2:89-105.
5. Kelly M, Dowling M, Millar M. The search for understanding: the role of paradigms. Nurse Res. 2018;25(4):9-13. DOI: 10.7748/nr.2018.e1499.
6. Güneş B. Paradigma kavramı ışığında bilimsel devrimlerin yapısı ve bilim savaşları: Cephelerdeki fizikçilerden Thomas S. Kuhn ve Alan D. Sokal. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2003;1(1):1-20.
7. Duff E. Relating the nursing paradigm to practice: a teaching strategy. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2011;8(1):1-8. DOI: 10.2202/1548-923X.2076
8. Bahramnezhad F, Shiri M, Asgari P, Afshar PF. A review of the nursing paradigm. Open J Nurs. 2015;5(1):17. DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2015.51003
9. Arslan Özkan H, Akduran F. Hemşirelikte paradigmaların önemi. KUHEAD. 2014;11(2):3-5.
10. Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Çeviri: Kuyas N, 4. Baskı, İstanbul, Alan Yayıncılık, 1995;10-17.
11. Wall ML, Carraro TE. Kuhn's revolutionary theory and its influence on the construction of nursing knowledge. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem. 2009;17(3):417-422. DOI: 10.1590/S0104-11692009000300021.
12. Younas A, Parsons K. Implications for Paradigm Shift in Nursing: A Critical Analysis of Thomas Kuhn's Revolutionary Science and Its Relevance to Nursing. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2019;42(3):243-254. DOI: 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000244.
13. Smith MC, Parker M. Introduction to Nursing Theory. In: Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, F. A Davis.Company; 2015:3-16.
14. Newman MA. Prevailing paradigms in nursing. Nurs Outlook. 1992;40(1):10-13.
15. Sönmez V. Some thinkers dealing with the philosophy of science. Bilim Felsefesi. 4. Baskı, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. 2019;185-191.
16. Souza CJ, Silvino ZR. A paradigmatic visionary perspective: professional master’s in nursing. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(5):2584-8. DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0102
17. Guimarães GDL, Mendoza IYQ, Corrêa ADR, Ribeiro EG, Guimarães MO, Chianca TCM. A Proposed Evaluatıon Of Postgraduate Nursıng Accordıng To Thomas Kuhn. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem. 2020;29. DOI: 10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2019-0090
18. Groer ME, Clochesy JM. Conflicts Within the Discipline of Nursing: Is There a Looming Paradigm War? J Prof Nurs. 2020;36(1):53-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.06.014
19. Weaver K, Olson JK. Understanding paradigms used for nursing research. JAN. 2006;53(4):459-469. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03740.x
20. Rodgers BL. Developing Nursing Knowledge: Philosophical Traditions and Influences. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
21. Rouse J. Recovering Thomas Kuhn. Topoi. 2012;32(1):59-64. DOI:10.1007/s11245-012-9143-x
22. Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: Thomas S. Kuhn With an Introductory Essay by Ian Hacking. 4th ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 2012.
23. Parse RR. Nursing Science Major Paradigms, Theories, and Critiques. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1987.
24. Adams T. The idea of revolution in the development of nursing theory. J Adv Nurs. 1991;16(12):1487-1491. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01597.x
25. Sharrock W, Read R. Does Thomas Kuhn have a “model of science”? Soc Epistemol. 2003;17(2/3):293-296. DOI: 10.1080/0269172032000144324
26. Thorne SE, Kirkham SR, Henderson A. Ideological implications of paradigm discourse. Nurs Inq. 1999;6(2):123-131. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1800.1999.00016.x
27. Slevin O. Nursing models and theories: major contributions. In: Basford L, Slevin O, eds. Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Caring Practice. London, England: Nelson Thornes; 2003:225-282.
28. Meleis A. Theoretical Nursing Development & Progress. 5th Edition, Lippincott William & Wilkins, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2012.
29. Monti EJ, Tingen MS. Multiple paradigms of nursing science. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1999;21(4):64-80.