Mehmet Ali KARAKÖSE, Salih Zeki İMAMOĞLU, Hüseyin Hakan İNCE

Dönüşümcü ve Adaptif Liderlik Tarzlarının Örgütsel Dayanıklılık Kapasitesinin Geliştirilmesindeki Rolü: Kavramsal Bir Model Önerisi

Örgütler, artan belirsizlik ve beklenmedik yıkıcı olaylar nedeniyle her geçen gün daha kırılgan hale gelmektedir. Buna karşın örgütlerin bunların üstesinden gelebilmesi için dayanıklılık kapasitesinin potansiyel bir çerçeve sunabileceği önerilmiş ve örgüt bilimcilerin artan ilgisiyle birlikte kavramla ilgili araştırmalar artmıştır. Bu araştırmaların çoğu kavramın kendisine, öncüllerine ve çıktılarına odaklanırken, bu kapasitenin geliştirilmesinde liderliğin rolüne ilişkin kısıtlı ve oldukça genel önerilerden öteye gidilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, literatüde var olan bu boşluktan hareketle dönüşümcü ve adaptif liderlik tarzlarının örgütsel dayanıklılık kapasitesinin geliştirilmesindeki rolünü açıklayarak bu alandaki literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çerçevede, bu iki liderlik tarzının sahip olduğu özellik, tutum ve davranışların bu kapasitenin geliştirilmesindeki etkisi nedensel ilişkiler kurularak açıklanmış ve kavramsal bir model önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Örgütsel Dayanıklılık Kapasitesi, Dönüşümcü Liderlik, Adaptif Liderlik

The Role of Transformational and Adaptive Leadership Styles in Developing Organizational Resilience Capacity: A Conceptual Model Proposal

Organizations are becoming more fragile due to increased uncertainty and unexpected destructive events. It has been suggested that organizational resilience capacity can provide a potential framework to overcome all these. While most of the studies in this filed focused on the concept itself, antecedents and consequences, recommendations on the role of leadership in the development of this capacity are quite general. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the literature by explaining the role of transformational and adaptive leadership styles in developing resilience capacity. In this context, the effect of the traits, attitudes and behaviors of these two leadership styles on the development of resilience capacity has been explained by establishing causal relationships and a conceptual model has been proposed

Keywords:

Organizational Resilience Capacity, Transformational Leadership, Adaptive Leadership,

PDF

___

Adams, J. A., Bailey Jr, D. E., Anderson, R. A., & Thygeson, M. (2013). Finding your way through EOL challenges in the ICU using Adaptive Leadership behaviours: A qualitative descriptive case study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29(6), 329-336.
Akgün, A. E.,& Keskin, H. (2014). Organisational resilience capacity and firm product innovativeness and performance. International Journal of Production
Akgün, A. E., Keskin, H., Byrne, J. C., & Ilhan, Ö. Ö. (2014). Complex adaptive system mechanisms, adaptive management practices, and firm product innovativeness. R&D Management, 44(1), 18-41.
Allen, C. R., Fontaine, J. J., Pope, K. L., & Garmestani, A. S. (2011). Adaptive management Management, 92(5), 1339-1345. turbulent
future. Journal of Environmental
Aragón-Correa, J. A., García-Morales, V. J., & Cordón-Pozo, E. (2007). Leadership and organizational learning's role on innovation and performance: Lessons from Spain. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(3), 349-359.
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re‐examining the components of transformational Leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organ. Psychology, 72(4), 441-462.
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1),9- 32.
Bass, B. M.,& Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 112-121.
Bass, B. M.,& Avolio, B. J. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Manual and sampler set. Mind Garden Inc., Redwood City, CA.
Bass, B. M.,& Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Bennis, W.,& Nanus, B. (1985). The strategies for taking charge. Leaders, New York: Harper. Row.
Bhamra, R., Dani, S., & Burnard, K. (2011). Resilience: the concept, a literature review Research, 49(18), 5375-5393.
Blomme, R. J. (2012). Leadership, complex adaptive systems, and equivocality: The role of managers in emergent change. Organization Manag. Journal, 9(1), 4-19.
Braes, B.,& Brooks, D. (2010). Organisational resilience: a propositional study to understand and identify the essential concepts.Proceedings of the 3rd Australian Security and Intelligence Conferenceiçinde(14-22. ss.), Edith Cowan University.
Burnard, K.,& Bhamra, R. (2011). Organisational resilience: development of a conceptual framework for organisational responses. International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5581-5599.
Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., & Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of Business And Psychology, 14(3), 389- 405.
Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 46-56.
de Oliveira Teixeira, E.,& Werther Jr, W. B. (2013). Resilience: Continuous renewal of competitive advantages. Business Horizons, 56(3), 333-342.
Fabricius, C.,& Cundill, G. (2014). Learning in adaptive management: insights from published practice. Ecology and Society, 19(1).
Fiksel, J. (2003). Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(23), 5330-5339.
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business
Garmezy, N. (1970). Process and reactive schizophrenia: Some conceptions and issues. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 1(2), 30.
Glover, J., Friedman, H., & Jones, G. (2002). Adaptive leadership: When change is not enough (part one). Organization Development Journal, 20(2), 15.
Glover, J., Rainwater, K., Jones, G., & Friedman, H. (2002). Adaptive leadership (part two): Four principles for being adaptive. Organization Development Journal, 20(4), 18.
Golgeci, I.,& Y. Ponomarov, S. (2013). Does firm innovativeness enable effective responses to supply chain disruptions? An empirical study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(6), 604-617.
Hamel, G.,& Valikangas, L. (2003). The quest for resilience. Harvard Business Review, 81(9), 52-63.
Heifetz, R. A.,& Laurie, D. L. (2001). The work of leadership. Harvard Business Review, 79(11).
Heifetz, R. A., Grashow, A., & Linsky, M. (2009). The Practice of Adaptive leadership: Tools and Tactics for Changing Your Organization and the World. Harvard Business Press.
Heifetz, R.A., Kania, J.V. & Kramer, M.R. (2004), Leading boldly, Stanford Social InnovationReview, 2(3), 20-32.
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1), 1-23.
Lee, A. V., Vargo, J., & Seville, E. (2013). Developing a tool to measure and compare organizations’ resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 14(1), 29-41.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A.,& Beck, T. E. (2005). Adaptive fit versus robust transformation: How Management, 31(5), 738-757. respond to environmental change. Journal of
Lengnick-Hall, C. A.,& Beck, T. E. (2009). Resilience capacity and strategic agility: Prerequisites for thriving in a dynamic environment. C. P. Nemeth, E. Hollnagel, & S. Dekker (Ed.), Resilience Engineering Perspectives2içinde (39-69. ss.), Aldershot; UK: Ashgate Publishing.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243-255.
Lichtenstein, B. B.,& Plowman, D. A. (2009). The leadership of emergence: A complex systems leadership theory of emergence at successive organizational levels.The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 617-630.
Lock, R. H.,& Janas, M. (2002). Build resiliency. Intervention in School and Clinic, 38(2), 117-121.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Rich, G. A. (2001). Transformational and transactional leadership and salesperson performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(2), 115.
Madni, A. M.,& Jackson, S. (2009). Towards a conceptual framework for resilience engineering. IEEE Systems Journal, 3(2), 181-191.
Mallak, L. (1998). Putting organizational resilience to work. Industrial Management, 40(6), 8-13.
Marion, R.,& Uhl-Bien, M. (2003). Complexity theory and Al-Qaeda: Examining complex leadership. Emergence, 5(1), 54-76.
McAslan, A., (2010). Organisational Resilience.Understanding the Concept and its Application. Adelaide, Australia, Torrens Resilience Institute. Erişim adresi http://flinders.edu.au/centres-files/TRI/pdfs/organisational%20resilience.pdf
McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), 117.
McDonald, N. (2006). Organisational resilience and industrial risk. In: E. Hollnagel, D.D. Woods and N. Leveson, eds. Resilience engineering: Concepts and Precepts. Hampshire: Ashgate, 155–179.
Pal, R., Torstensson, H., & Mattila, H. (2014). Antecedents of organizational resilience in economic crises—an empirical study of Swedish textile and clothing SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 410-428.
Plowman, D. A., Solansky, S., Beck, T. E., Baker, L., Kulkarni, M., & Travis, D. V. (2007). The role of leadership in emergent, self-organization. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(4), 341-356.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
Ponomarov, S. Y.,& Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Manag., 20(1), 124-143.
Powley, E. H. (2009). Reclaiming resilience and safety: Resilience activation in the critical period of crisis. Human Relations, 62(9), 1289-1326.
Pryor, R. G.,& Bright, J. E. (2007). Applying chaos theory to careers: Attraction and attractors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(3), 375-400.
Randall, L. M.,& Coakley, L. A. (2007). Applying adaptive leadership to successful change initiatives in academia. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28(4), 325-335.
Robb, D. (2000). Building Resilient Organizations. OD Practitioner, 32(3), 27-32.
Seville, E., Brunsdon, D., Dantas, A., Le Masurier, J., Wilkinson, S., & Vargo, J. (2008). Organisational resilience: Researching the reality of New Zealand organisations. Journal of Bus. Continuity &Emergency Planning, 2(3), 258-266.
Seville, E., Van Opstal, D., & Vargo, J. (2015). A primer in resiliency: seven principles for managing the unexpected. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 34(3), 6-18.
Shadraconis, S. (2013). Organizational Leadership in Times of Uncertainty: Is Transformational Leadership the Answer?. LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University, 2(1), 28.
Starr, R., Newfrock, J., & Delurey, M. (2003). Enterprise resilience: managing risk in the networked economy. Strategy and Business, 30, 70-79.
Subramaniam, M.,& Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Manag. Journal, 48(3), 450-463.
Tichy, N. M.,& Devanna, M. A. (1986). The transformational leader. Training & Development Journal.40(7), 27-32.
Uhl-Bien, M.,& Marion, R. (2009). Complexity leadership in bureaucratic forms of organizing: A meso model. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 631-650.
Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(4), 298-318.
Vogus, T. J.,& Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Organizational resilience: towards a theory and research agenda. In Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2007. ISIC. IEEE International Conference on (pp. 3418-3422). IEEE.
Weick, K. E. (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 628-652.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2005). Organizing and the process of sensemaking. Organization Science, 16(4), 409-421.
Yukl, G. (1989). Managerial leadership: A review of theory and research. Journal of Management, 15(2), 251-289.
Yukl, G.,& Mahsud, R. (2010). Why flexible and adaptive leadership is essential. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(2), 81.