Kadmiyum ile Oluşturulan Deneysel Karaciğer Hasarına Karşı Bal ve Polenin Lipid Peroksidayon ve Bazı Antioksidanlar Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada kadmiyum (Cd) verilen ratlarda karaciğer dokusunda; glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px), katalaz (KAT), glutatyon (GSH) ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeylerine bal ve polen verilmesi ile oluşacak değişikliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma ratlar üzerinde yapıldı ve 5 grup oluşturulmuştur. 1. Grup Kontrol, 2. Grup Cd, 3. Grup Cd+bal, 4. Grup Cd+polen, 5. Grup Cd+bal+polen şeklinde düzenlenmiştir. Uygulama 6 hafta sürmüştür. Uygulama sonrası doku GSH-Px, KAT, GSH ve MDA düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirmede kontrol grubunda, Cd grubuna kıyasla, doku GSH-Px, KAT ve MDA düzeyleri önemli bulunurken, GSH düzeyinin ise önemsiz olduğu bulunmuştur. GSH-Px ve KAT aktivitesi; Cd grubu ile Cd+bal, Cd+polen ve Cd+bal+polen gruplarında önemli bulunmuş. MDA düzeyi; Cd grubu ile Cd+bal, Cd+polen ve Cd+bal+polen gruplarında önemli bulunurken, GSH düzeyinin ise tüm gruplarda önemsiz olduğu gözlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antioksidan, Kadmiyum, Bal, Lipit Peroksidasyon, Polen, Rat

he Effect of Honey and Pollen on Lipid Peroxidation and Some Antioxidants Against Experimental Liver Damage With Cadmium

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in cadmium (Cd) expose rats in liver tissue by giving honey and pollen to glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The study was performed on rats and five groups were formed. The groups were designed as following; Group 1: Control, Group 2: Cd administered, Group 3: Cd+honey, Group 4: Cd+pollen, Group 5: Cd+honey+pollen. The application was lasted for six weeks. At the and of the study, tissue samples were collected and the levels of GSH-Px, CAT, GSH and MDA were measured. After statistical analyses, while the differences of amount of tissue GSH-Px, CAT and MDA levels between control and Cd groups were statistically important, the GSH levels were not. Activities of GSH-Px and CAT were important in Cd+honey, Cd+pollen and Cd+honey+pollen groups along with Cd, group. While the level of MDA were important in Cd and Cd+honey, Cd and Cd+pollen, Cd and Cd+honey+pollen, level of GSH in was found unimportant in all groups.

Keywords:

Antioxidant, Cadmium, Honey, Lipid Peroxidation, Pollen, Rat,

PDF

___

1. Stohs SJ, Bagchi D, Hassoun E, Bagchi M. (2000). Oxidative Mechanisms in The Toxicity of Chromium and Cadmium Ions. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 19: 201-213.
2. Cuypers A, Plusquin M, Remans T, Jozefczak M, Keunen E, Gielen H, Opdenakker K, Nair AR, Munters E, Artois TJ, Nawrot T, Vangronsveld J, Smeets K. (2010). Cadmium Stress: An Oxidative Challenge. Biometals. 23: 927-940.
3. Karbownik M, Gitto E, Lewinski A, Reiter RJ. (2001). Induc-tion of Lipid Peroxidation in Hamster Organs by The Carci-nogen Cadmium: Amelioration by Melatonin. Cell Biol Toxi-col. 17: 33-40.
4. Baldwin DR, Marshall WJ. (1999). Heavy Metal Poisoning and It’s Laboratory Investigation. Ann Clin Biochem. 36: 267-300. 5. Tekelioğlu M. (2002). Özel Histoloji, İnce Yapı ve Gelişme, Erkek Üreme Sistemi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Ya-yınevi, Ankara.
6. Baum JW, Liu J, Klaassen CD. (1993). Production of Metalot-hionein and Heat-Scock Proteins in Response to Metals. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 21: 15-22.
7. Katsuta O, Hiratsuka H, Matsumoto J, Toyonta M, Umemure T, Marumo F. (1994). Cadmium-Induced Osteomalasic and Osteopetrotic Lesions in Ovariectomized Rats. Toxicol Appl Phar. 126: 58-68.
8. Thevenod F. (2003). Nephrotoxicity and The Proximal Tubule Insights from Cadmium. Nephron Physiol. 9: 87-93.
9. Hughes MR, Smits JE, Eliot JE, Bennett DC. (2000). Morpho-logical and Pathological Effects of Cadmium Ingestion on Pekin Ducks Exposed to Saline. J Toxicol Environ Health. 6: 591-608.
10. Zalups R, Ahmad S. (2003). Molecular Handling of Cad-mium in Transporting Epithelia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 186:163-88.
11. Casalino E, Calzaretti G, Sblano C, Landriscina C. (2002). Molecular Inhibitory Mechanisms of Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Liver and Kidney by Cadmium. Toxicology. 179: 37-50.
12. Lopez E, Arce C, Oset-Gasque MJ, Canadas S, Gonzalez MP. (2006). Cadmium Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Genera-tion and Lipid Peroxidation in Cortical Neurons in Culture. Free Radic Biol Med. 40: 940-951.
13. Romero A, Caride A, Pereiro N, Lafuente A. (2001). Modula-tory Effects of Melatonin on Cadmium-Induced Changes in Biogenic Amines in Rat Hypothalamus. Neurotox Res. 20: 240-249.
14. Dobashi K, Ghosh B, Orak JK, Singh I, Sing AK. (2000). Kidney Ischemia-Reparfusion: Modulation of Antioxidant Defenses. Mol Cell Biochem. 205: 1-11.
15. Meister A, Anderson ME. (1983). Glutathione. Annu Rev Biochem. 52: 711-760.
16. Kücük M, Kolaylı S, Karaoğlu S, Ulusoy E, Baltacı, Candan F. (2007). Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Three Honeys of Different Types From Anatolia. Food Chem. 100: 526-534.
17. Gheldof N, Wang XH, Engeseth NJ. (2002). Identification and Quantification of Antioxidant Components of Honeys from Various Floral Sources. J Agric Food Chem. 50: 5870-5877.
18. Michalkiewicz A, Biesaga M, Pyrzynska K. (2008). Solidphase Extraction Procedure for Determination of Phenolic Acids and Some Flavonols in Honey. J Chromatogr. 1187: 18-24.
19. Cheng N, Ren N, Gao H, Lei X, Zheng J, Cao W. (2013). Anti-oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Schisandra Chinen-sis Pollen Extract on CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage in Mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 55: 234-240.
20. Lawrence RA, Burk RF. (1976). Glutathione Peroxidase Acti-vity in Selenium-Deficient Rat Liver. Bioch Bioph Res Com-mun. 71(4): 952-958.
21. Sedlak J, Lindsay RHC. (1968). Estimation of Total Protein Bound and Nonprotein Sulfhydryl Groups in Tissue with Ell-mann’s Reagent. Anal Biochem. 25: 192-205.
22. Aebi H. Catalase. (1984). In Vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105: 121-126.
23. Matkovics B, Szabo I, Varga IS. (1988). Determination of Enzyme Activities in Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Pathways (in Hungarian). Lab Diag. 15: 248-249.
24. Placer ZA, Cushmann LL, Johnson BC: (1966). Estimation of Products of Lipid Peroxidation in Biochhemical Systems. Ana. Biochem. 16: 359-364.
25. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. (1951). Pro-tein Measurement with The Folin-Phenol Reagent. J Biol Chem. 193: 265-275.
26. Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. (1995). Biyoistatistik. 6. Baskı, Özdemir Basım Yayım ve Dağıtım LTD Şti, Ankara.
27. Karaca Ö, Sunay FB, Kuş MA, Gülcan B, Özcan E, Ögetürk M, Kuş İ. (2014). Kadmiyum İle Oluşturulan Deneysel Karaciğer Hasarına Karşı Melatoninin Etkilerinin Biyokimyasal ve His-topatolojik Düzeylerde İncelenmesi. Fırat Tıp Derg. 19(3): 110-115. 28. Aktay G, Söylemezoğlu T, Aktay İ, Sayal A, Aydın A, Işımer A. (1995). Kadmiyum ve Etanolün Karaciğerde Lipid Peroksi-dasyon ve İz Element Düzeylerine Etkisi. GATA Bülteni. 37: 289-292.
29. Coşan DT, Dal A, Soyacak A, Çolak E, Çiçek A, Kurt H. (2017). Kadmiyum Toksisitesi Oluşturulan Sıçanlarda Tannik Asitin, Ağır Metal Giderimi ve Bazı Biyokimyasal Değerler Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 18:146-153. 30. Akintola AO, Kehinde BD, Fakunle JO, Ajayi AF. (2018). Sy-nergistic and Ameliorative Effect of Honey and Coconut Water on Crude Oil Induced Toxicity in Rats. Res J.Environ.Toxicol. 12(1): 24-33.
31. Rezaei N, Eftekhari MH, Tanideh N, Mokhtari M, Bagheri Z. (2018). The Protective Effects of Honey and Spirulina Platen-sis on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 20(4): 1-11.
32. Candan İA, Bayram D, Calapoğlu NŞ, Gürbüz N, Cankara FN, Özgöçmen M, Armağan İ. (2017). Kadmiyum Verilen Dişi Sı-çanlarda Üreme Sistemi Üzerine Melatonin ve Selenyumun Etkisi. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 24(3): 84-95.
33. El-Haskoury R, Al-Waili N, Kamoun Z, Makni M, Al-Waili H, Lyoussi B. (2018). Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effect of Carob Honey in CCl4-Induced. Kidney and Liver Injury. Archives of Medical Research. 49: 306-313.
34. Huang H, Shen Z, Geng Q, Wu Z, Shi P, Miao X. (2017). Protective Effect of Schisandra Chinensisbee Pollen Extract on Liver and Kidney Injury Induced by Cisplatin in Rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 95: 1765-1776. 35. Mohamed M, Sulaiman SA, Jaafar H, Sirajudeen KNS. (2011). Antioxidant Protective Effect of Honey in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats. Int J Mol Sci.12: 5508-5521.
36. Saral Ö, Yıldız O, Yazıcıoğlu RA, Yuluğ E, Canpolat S, Öztürk F, Kolaylı S. (2016). Apitherapy Products Enhance The Recovery of CCL4-Induced Hepatic Damages in Rats. Turk J Med Sci. 46: 194- 202. 37. Eraslan G, Kanbur M, Silici S. (2009). Effect of Carbaryl on Some Biochemical Changes in Rats: The Ameliorative Effect of Bee Polen. Food and Chemical Toxico. 47: 86-91.
38. Ognjanović B, Zikić RV, Saicić ZS, Kostić MM, Petrović VM. (1995). The Effects of Selenium on The Antioxidant Defense System in The Liver of Rats Exposed to Cadmium. Physiol Res. 44(5): 293-300.