FARUK SAYDAM, İRFAN DEĞİRMENCİ, Hasan Veysi GÜNEŞ

MikroRNA’lar ve kanser

MikroRNA(miRNA)’lar, yüksek seviyede korunan DNA bölgelerinden kodlanan fakat proteine translasyonu gerçekleşmeyen, yaklaşık 18-24 nükleotid uzunluğunda, küçük RNA molekülleridir. Bu protein kodlamayan RNA molekülleri kendi nükleotid dizilerinin tamamlayıcısı olan hedef mRNA’lara bağlanıp translasyonel baskılama veya mRNA yıkımı ile transkripsiyon sonrası gen ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesini gerçekleştirirler. miRNA’lar bu yolağı kullanarak hücre proliferasyonu, hücre farklılaşması ve hücre ölümü gibi homeostatik süreçlerde önemli roller oynamaktadır. Yakın zamanda yapılan gen ekspresyon çalışmaları, kontrolsüz hücre bölünmesinin gerçekleştiği kanser hücrelerinde değişikliğe uğramış miRNA ekspresyonlarını gözler önüne sermiştir. Kanserin başlamasında ve ilerlemesinde, miRNA’lar hedefledikleri genin karakterine göre tümör süpresörler veya onkogenler gibi fonksiyon göstermektedirler. Bu derlemede miRNA oluşumu ve miRNA’ların kanser gelişimindeki rolleri anlatılmış olup, miRNA’ların kanser ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koyan çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiştir.

MicroRNAs and cancer

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are highly conserved, non-protein-coding, approximately 18-24 nucleotides, small RNA molecules. These non-protein-coding RNAs bind target mRNAs which are complementary with their squences and post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression through translation repression or mRNA degradation. Using this pathway, miRNAs play important roles in homeostatic process including cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Recent studies based on gene expression have revealed that miRNA expressions are deregulated in cancer cells which have uncontrolled grow. According to character of target mRNA, miRNAs act like tumor supressor or oncogene in cancer initiation and progression. In this review, miRNA biogenesis and their roles in cancer progression are described and studies setting out the relationship between miRNAs and cancer are reviewed.

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