Dünyadaki Son Gelişmeler Çerçevesinde Yüksek Hızlı Demiryolu Tünel Tasarımı ve Türkiye’deki Durum

Yüksek standartlı demiryolları, kat ettiği mesafeler ve içerdiği karmaşık mühendislik yapıları açısından oldukça zorlu imalatlardır. Gerek imalat gerekse işletmecilik faaliyetleri sırasında maliyet etkin olması istenir. Güzergâh çalışmalarından mühendislik yapılarının tasarımına kadar bu durumu etkileyen birçok parametre vardır. Bu çalışmada, yüksek hızlı demiryollarında tünel tasarımı konusuna odaklanmaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle yüksek hızlı demiryolu tünel tasarımında kullanılan ana hat ve tünel güvenliği konuları uluslararası standartlar çerçevesinde irdelenmiş, bu konuda dünyada yapılan son çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Ardından Türkiye’de geçmişi yaklaşık 20 yılı bulan yüksek hızlı demiryolu tünel imalat tecrübeleri aktarılmıştır. İlk tasarımından bu yana neredeyse hiç değişmeyen tünel yapısında, işletme sırasında oluşan sorunlar çerçevesinde yapısal ve geometrik iyileştirmeler gerektiği sonucuna varılarak bu kapsamda öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tünel, Tünel tasarımı, Yüksek hızlı demiryolu, Tren-tünel aerodinamiği

High Speed Railway Tunnel Design in the Framework of Recent Developments in the World and the Situation in Turkey

High standard railways are very demanding productions in terms of the distances they cover and the sophisticated engineering structures they contain. It is desired to be cost effective during both manufacturing and management activities. There are many parameters that affect this situation, from route studies to the design of engineering structures. This study focuses on tunnel design in high speed railways. For this purpose, first of all, the main line and tunnel safety issues used in high-speed railway tunnel design were examined within the framework of international standards, and the latest studies in the world on this subject were compiled. Then, the high-speed railway tunnel manufacturing experience in Turkey, which has a history of nearly 20 years, has been conveyed. In the tunnel structure, which has hardly changed since its first design, it was concluded that structural and geometric improvements are needed within the framework of the problems that occurred during operation, and suggestions were presented in this context.

Keywords:

Tunnel, Tunnel design, High speed rail, Train-tunnel aerodynamics.,

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