Kök hücre biyolojisi ve hematolojik malignitelerde kök hücrenin rolü

Kanser, hücrelerin anormal şekilde farklılaşma ve kontrolsüz olarak çoğalması ile karakterizeönemli bir hastalık grubudur. Genellikle sadece kanser kök hücresi denen tek bir hücreden kökenalır. Tümör hücrelerinin hızlı çoğalması, kanser kök hücrenin kendi kendini yenileyebilmeözelliğinden dolayıdır. Kanser kök hücrelerinin tümör oluşumunda önemine rağmen, tümördokusunda sayıları son derece azdır. Kanser kök hücre biyolojisi hakkında en fazla bilgiyelösemilerde sahibiz. Lösemi, hematopoitetik kanser kök hücresinden köken alan lökositlerinkontrolsüz çoğalması ile tanımlanan kan sisteminin malign bir hastalığıdır. Birçok farklı lösemidekanser kök hücreleri ile normal hematopoietik kök hücrelerinin farklılaşmaları aşamasında eldeedilen moleküler değişiklikler, normal ve patolojik hücre farklılaşması arasındaki farkları ortayakoymaktadır. Lösemilerde değişik farklılaşma aşamalarında hücrelerin farklı yüzey markırlarının(belirteçlerinin) tanımlanması aynı farklılaşma aşamasında olan kök hücrelerin tanınmasınınyolunu açmıştır. Tüm bu veriler lösemi kök hücrelerinin transformasyon ve farklılaşmasüreçlerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasında kullanılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda ksenotransplantasyonçalışmaları ile aynı aşamadaki lösemi kök hücreleri kullanılarak farklı lösemi tiplerine sahip faremodelleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu fare modelleri ile yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda tanımlanan yenimoleküler belirteçler lösemi hastalarının tanısı ve prognozun belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek bilgive bulgular vermektedir. Lösemi kök hücre biyolojisinin anlaşılması, kanserde hedefe doğrudanyapılan kemoterapi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesinde bize yardımcı olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, lösemikök hücreleri üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar insanoğluna yakın gelecekte löseminin üstesindengelebilmesi için bir fırsat sunmaktadır.

The biology of stem cells and the role of stem cells in hematological malignancies

Cancer as an important group of disease is characterized by the abnormal differentiation andproliferation of the cells without normal control. Cancer is generally originated from only a cellnamed cancer stem cell. Because of the selfrenewal capacity of cancer stem cells, overproliferation of tumor cells occurs. Despite of the importance of cancer stem cells intumorogenesis, the existence in a tumor tissue is very few. The knowledge of cancer stem cellbiology is most advanced in leukemias. Leukemia is a group of malignant diseases of the bloodsystem, originated from hematopoietic cancer stem cells and characterized by uncontrolledoverproduction of leukocytes. The molecular findings observed in cancer stem cells in varioustypes of leukemias and normal hemaopoietic stem cells differentiation represented the differencebetween normal and pathologic cell differentiation. Cell surface markers defined in differentmaturation steps in leukemias had been used for the identification of the pure stem cells in thesame stage. These findings had been used for the understanding the transformation anddifferentiation of leukemia stem cells. Also, xenotransplantation studies give us the mouse modelswhich have different type of leukemia by using the pure leukemia stem cells. The new molecularmarkers observed in these further mouse experiments can give the opportunity to be used in thediagnosis and prognosis of leukemia patients. Understanding the biology of leukemia stem cellsmay help us in the development of new targeted chemotherapy strategies in cancer cases. So, thefurther experiments on leukemia stem cells seems having a chance for mankind to overcome theleukemia problem in near future.

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