GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİNDE LİBERALLEŞMENİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDE ETKİSİ

Bu çalışmada, 25 geçiş ekonomisinde Sosyalist bloğunun dağılmasından sonra piyasa ekonomisine yönelik liberalleşme reformlarının, bütçe açıklarının, dış ticaret gelişmelerinin ve siyasi kısıtlamaların ekonomik büyüme etkileri incelenmiştir. Büyüme analizi 1994-2008 yıllarına ait veri seti ve panel veri yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanılan yöntemler kapsamında elde edilen bulgulara göre, geçiş ekonomilerinde piyasa ekonomisine yönelik gerçekleştirilen yapısal dönüşüm reformları ve bütçe açıklarının azaltılması ekonomik büyümeyi artırıcı etki etmiştir. Liberalleşme reformlarının büyüme üzerindeki başlangıç etkisi negatif, sonraki ve nihai etkisi pozitiftir. Bununla birlikte, araştırmaya konu olan ülkelerin uluslararası topluma entegrasyonu da büyümeyi olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Siyasi haklar üzerindeki kısıtlamaların ise büyüme üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Geçiş Ekonomileri, Ekonomik Büyüme, Liberalleşme Reformları, Panel Veri Yöntemleri.

Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Liberalleşmenin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerinde Etkisi

The present study investigates the effects of market oriented structural reforms government budget deficits international trade improvements and political constraints on growth in 25 transition countries after the break up of the socialist block and collapse of the centrally planned economic system Using panel data for the period 1994 2008 growth determinants of transition countries are examined Estimation results suggest that realization of market oriented structural reforms and reducing budget deficit have positive effects on growth performance of transition countries The initial effect of liberalization reforms is found negative but subsequent and cumulative effect of market oriented reforms is found positive Aditionally according to the test results the integration of transition countries to the world economy has positive growth effects Finally the results do not provide any argument that supporting the effect of political rights restrictions on economic growth Key Words: Transition Economies Economic Growth Liberalization Reforms Panel Data Methods

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