2012

Türkiye’de Pamuk Saplarının Biyogaz ve Sentez Gazı Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi

Dünya pamuk üretiminin en büyük üreticilerinden biri olan Türkiye, biyokütleyi doğrudan yakma yoluyla kullanmaktadır ve biyokütlenin elektrik üretimine katkısı %1,5’tir. Bu çalışmada, ülkenin gelecekteki biyokütle temelli uygulamalarına bir öngörü sunmak için pamuk saplarının biyogaz potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu, Ege ve Çukurova bölgelerinde yer alan altı ilde hasat edilen pamuk sapları, biyokütlenin elektrik üretim potansiyeli ve 2019 yılı faturalı elektrik tüketimi açısından değerlendirilerek tartışılmıştır. Bu illere ait toplam pamuk sapı üretim kapasitesi 15.6 milyon ton olmakla birlikte, söz konusu biyokütlenin yıllık 3,1 milyar m3 metan gazı ve ayrıca elektrik talebinin yaklaşık %32’sini karşılayabilecek 12 TWh elektrik üretimine karşılık geldiği bulunmuştur. Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesi için pamuk saplarının anaerobik çürütülmesiyle (9 milyon ton/yıl) bölgenin elektrik tüketiminin %99,5’inin karşılanabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Pamuk saplarının metan potansiyelleri, karşılık gelen sentez gazı verimleri ile karşılaştırılmış ve sentez gazı için daha düşük yüzdeler elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada enerji stratejisi olarak önerilen tarımsal kalıntıların anaerobik çürütülmesi ve termokimyasal dönüşümü, Türkiye'de biyoenerji üretimine yönelik faaliyetlerin hızlandırılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pamuk sapları, Anaerobik çürütme, Biyogaz, Metan, Sentez gazı

Assessment of Biogas and Syngas Potentials of Cotton Stalks in Turkey

Turkey, being one of the largest producers of world cotton production, utilizes biomass through direct incineration for electricity generation which accounts for 1.5% of the total electricity generation in Turkey. In this work, biogas potential of cotton stalks was assessed to present a foresight to the future biomass valorizations in the country. Cotton stalks harvested in six cities located in the Southeastern, Aegean and Çukurova regions of Turkey were evaluated and discussed with respect to their potential in electricity generation and the invoiced electricity consumption in 2019. These cities were found to yield 15.6 million tonnes of cotton stalks with an annual 3.1 billion m3 of methane and also, 12 TWh of electricity generation that could meet almost 32% of the electricity demand. For Southeastern region, region’s electricity consumption could be met by 99.5% with the anaerobic digestion of cotton stalks (9 million tonnes/yr). Methane potentials of cotton stalks were compared with the corresponding syngas yields and lower percentages were obtained for syngas. Anaerobic digestion and thermochemical conversion of agricultural residues, being proposed as energy strategies in this study, could help to accelerate the activities on bioenergy share in Turkey.

Keywords:

Cotton stalks, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Methane, Syngas,

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