___

• Abdulahi, A., Samadi, B., & Gharleghi, B. (2014). A study on the negative effects of social networking sites such as Facebook among Asia Pacific University scholars in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(10).
• Abokhodair, N., & Hodges, A. (2019). Toward a transnational model of social media privacy: How young Saudi transnationals do privacy on Facebook. New Media & Society, 21(5), 1105 - 1120. https://doi. org/10.1177/1461444818821363
• Akdeniz, P. C., & Dursun, Y. (2021). Çevrimiçi kimlik hırsızlığı korkusunun çevrimiçi gizlilik endişesi ve satın alma davranışına etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (60), 609-632.
• Aktas, V., Nilsson, M., & Borell, K. (2019). Social scientists under threat: Resistance and self-censorship in Turkish academia. British Journal of Educational Studies, 67(2), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2018.1502872 Albrechtslund, A. (2008). Online social networking as participatory surveillance. First Monday. https://doi. org/10.5210/fm.v13i3.2142
• Andrejevic, M. (2004). The Work of Watching One Another: Lateral Surveillance, Risk, and Governance. Surveillance & Society, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v2i4.3359
• Avcılar, M. Y., Güreş, N., Bozkurt, S., & Açar, M. F. (2021). Çevrimiçi alışveriş bağlamında tüketiciler tarafından algılanan gizlilik endişesinin kişisel bilgi koruma davranışına etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30(3), 181-197. //doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.998460
• Bauman, Z. ve Lyon, D. (2013) Akışkan Gözetim Istanbul:Ayrıntı Yayınları
• Bäck, E. A., Bäck, H., Fredén, A., & Gustafsson, N. (2019). A social safety net? Rejection sensitivity and political opinion sharing among young people in social media. New Media & Society, 21(2), 298–316. https://doi. org/10.1177/1461444818795487
• Bellman, S., Johnson, E. J., Kobrin, S. J., & Lohse, G. L. (2004). International differences in information privacy concerns: A global survey of consumers. Information Society, 20(5), 314-324.
• Bright, L. F., & Lim, H. S. (2021). “Should I Post or Ghost?”: Examining how privacy concerns impact social media engagement in US consumers. Psychology & Marketing, 38(10), 1712-1722. 10.1002/mar.21499
• Cain, J., & Imre, I. (2021). Everybody wants some: Collection and control of personal information, privacy concerns, and social media use. New Media & Society, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211000327
• Cain, J., Linos, E., & Chretien, K. C. (2019). Cyberbullying in Academic Medicine: A Framework for Managing Social Media Attacks. Academic Medicine, 94(5), 626–629. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002649
• Carter Olson, C., & LaPoe, V. (2018). Combating the Digital Spiral of Silence: Academic Activists Versus Social Media Trolls. In J. R. Vickery & T. Everbach (Eds.), Mediating Misogyny: Gender, Technology, and Harassment (pp. 271–291). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72917-6_14
• Chai, S. (2020, October). Does Cultural Difference Matter on Social Media? An Examination of the Ethical Culture and Information Privacy Concerns. Sustainability, 12(19). 10.3390/su12198286
• Chen, H.-T. (2018). Spiral of silence on social media and the moderating role of disagreement and publicness in the network: Analyzing expressive and withdrawal behaviors. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3917–3936. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818763384
• Cox, G. C. (2020). Dear Professor, Be Careful with Those Tweets, OK? Academic Freedom and Social Media. PS: Political Science & Politics, 53(3), 521–526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096520000219
• Creswell, J. W. (2021). Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Giriş (M. Sözbilir, Trans.). Pegem Akademi. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2021). Araştırma Tasarımı. Nobel.
• Das, S., & Kramer, A. (2013). Self-Censorship on Facebook. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 7(1), 120–127.
• Data Never Sleeps 10.0. (n.d.). Domo. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https://www.domo.com/data-never-sleeps#
• Doerfler, P., Forte, A., De Cristofaro, E., Stringhini, G., Blackburn, J., & McCoy, D. (2021). ‘I’m a Professor, which isn’t usually a dangerous job’: Internet-facilitated Harassment and Its Impact on Researchers. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 341:1-341:32. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476082
• Erdoğan, M. (2020). Sosyal Medyada Gözetimin İçselleştirilmesi: İletişim Disiplini Alanındaki Lisansüstü Öğrenciler Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(1), 244–275. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.671276
• Feng, Y., Yao, Y., & Sadeh, N. (2021). A Design Space for Privacy Choices: Towards Meaningful Privacy Control in the Internet of Things. CHI ‘21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445148
• Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2014). Gay Bullying and Online Opinion Expression: Testing Spiral of Silence in the Social Media Environment. Social Science Computer Review, 32(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439313504261 Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2015). “Was It Something I Said?” “No, It Was Something You Posted!” A Study of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Social Media Contexts. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(4), 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0443
• Gökaliler, E., & Saatçioğlu, E. (2020). Sosyal Büyük Veri Ekseninde Kişisel Gizlilik Sorunsalı: Türkiye’de Eğitimli ve Kentli Sosyal Ağ Kullanıcılarının Gizlilik Sorunlarına Yaklaşımları. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 58, 133-167. 10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0085
• Hargittai, E., & Marwick, A. (2016). “What Can I Really Do?” Explaining the Privacy Paradox with Online Apathy. International Journal of Communication, 10(0), 21.
• Huang, J., Kumar, S., & Hu, C. (2020). Does Culture Matter? A Comparative Study on the Motivations for Online Identity Reconstruction Between China and Malaysia. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020929311
• Jozani, M., Ayaburi, E., Ko, M., & Choo, K. K. (2020). Privacy concerns and benefits of engagement with social media-enabled apps: A privacy calculus perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 107. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106260
• Kesvani, H. (2021, April 26). The future of social media is sharing less, not more. Wired UK. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/social-media-future-sharing
• Kutlu, A. (2019). Suskunluk sarmali 2.0: türkiye’de facebook kullanimi üzerine bir araştirma. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 6(1), 43–75. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.528027
• Kwon, K. H., Moon, S.-I., & Stefanone, M. A. (2015). Unspeaking on Facebook? Testing network effects on self- censorship of political expressions in social network sites. Quality & Quantity, 49(4), 1417–1435. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11135-014-0078-8
• Lambillotte, L., Bart, Y., & Poncin, I. (2022). When Does Information Transparency Reduce Downside of Personalization? Role of Need for Cognition and Perceived Control. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 3(57). Journal of Interactive Marketing
• Li, Y. J., Qu, Q. X., & Hao, D. M. (2022). How Does Perceived Overload in Mobile Social Media Influence Users’ Passive Usage Intentions? Considering the Mediating Roles of Privacy Concerns and Social Media Fatigue. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 38(10), 983-992. http://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1986318
• Lowry, P. B., Cao, J. W., & Everard, A. (2011). Privacy Concerns Versus Desire for Interpersonal Awareness in Driving the Use of Self-Disclosure Technologies: The Case of Instant Messaging in Two Cultures. Journal of Management Information Systems, 4(27), 163-200. http://doi.org/10.2753/Mis0742-1222270406
• Lyon, D. (2013). Gözetim Çalışmaları (A. Toprak, Trans.). Kalkedon.
• Mak, M. K.F., Koo, A. Z.Y., & Rojas, H. (2022). Social media engagement against fear of restrictions and surveillance: The mediating role of privacy management. New media and society, 1-22. doi.org/10.1177/14614448221077240
• Marder, B., Joinson, A., & Shankar, A. (2012). Every Post You Make, Every Pic You Take, I’ll Be Watching You: Behind Social Spheres on Facebook. 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 859–868. https:// doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.12
• Marder, B., Joinson, A., Shankar, A., & Thirlaway, K. (2016). Strength matters: Self-presentation to the strongest audience rather than lowest common denominator when faced with multiple audiences in social network sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.005
• Margulis, S. T. (2003). Journal of Social Issues Journal of Social Issues Full Access Privacy as a Social Issue and Behavioral Concept. Journal of Social İssues, 2(59), 243-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00063
• Marwick, A. (2012). The Public Domain: Surveillance in Everyday Life. Surveillance & Society, 9(4), 378–393. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v9i4.4342
• Marwick, A. E., & boyd, D. (2011). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313
• McLaughlin, C., & Vitak, J. (2012). Norm evolution and violation on Facebook. New Media & Society, 14(2), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811412712
• Mohamed, N., & Ahmad, I. H. (2012). Information privacy concerns, antecedents and privacy measure use in social networking sites: Evidence from Malaysia. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2366-2375.
• Mutambik, I., Lee, J., Almuqrin, A., Halboob, W., Omar, T., & Floos, A. (2022). User concerns regarding information sharing on social networking sites: The user’s perspective in the context of national culture. Plos One, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263157
• Ngcongo, M. (2016). Mobile communication privacy management in romantic relationships: A dialectical approach. Communicatio, 42(1), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2016.1140666
• Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The Spiral of Silence A Theory of Public Opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x
• Pagani, M., Hofacker, C. F., Goldsmith R. E. (2011) The Influence of Personality on Active and Passive Use of Social Networking Sites, Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 28(5): 441–456. DOI: 10.1002/mar.20395
• Parks, L., Goodwin, H., & Han, L. (2017). “I Have the Government in My Pocket…”: Social Media Users in Turkey, Transmit-Trap Dynamics, and Struggles Over Internet Freedom. Communication, Culture and Critique, 10(4), 574–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12173
• Plano Clark, V. L., & Ivankova, N. V. (2018). Karma Yöntemler Araştırması—Alana Yönelik Bir Kılavuz (Ö. Çokluk Bökeoğlu, Trans.). Nobel.
• Sleeper, M., Balebako, R., Das, S., McConahy, A. L., Wiese, J., & Cranor, L. F. (2013). The post that wasn’t: Exploring self-censorship on facebook. Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work - CSCW ’13, 793. https://doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441865
• Stevic, A., Schmuck, D., Koemets, A., Hirsch, M., Karsay, K., & Thomas, M. F. (2021). Privacy concerns can stress you out: Investigating the reciprocal relationship between mobile social media privacy concerns and perceived stress. Communications-European Journal of Communication Research. http://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2020-0037
• Stoycheff, E. (2016). Under Surveillance: Examining Facebook’s Spiral of Silence Effects in the Wake of NSA Internet Monitoring. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 296–311. https://doi. org/10.1177/1077699016630255
• Suki, N. B. M., Ahamd, M. I., & Thyagarajan, V. (2002). Motivation and concern factors for internet shopping: A Malaysian perspective. The Electronic Journal for E-commerce Tools and Applications, 1(1), 1-18.
• Tanczer, L. M., Deibert, R. J., Bigo, D., Franklin, M. I., Melgaço, L., Lyon, D., Kazansky, B., & Milan, S. (2020). Online Surveillance, Censorship, and Encryption in Academia. International Studies Perspectives, 21(1), 1–36. https:// doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekz016
• Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2021). How to shape academic freedom in the digital age? Are the retractions of opinionated papers a prelude to “cancel culture” in academia? Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100035
• Tokunaga, R. S. (2011). Social networking site or social surveillance site? Understanding the use of interpersonal electronic surveillance in romantic relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 705–713. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.014
• Topbaş, H., & Gazi, M. A. (2016). Sosyal ağlarda gizlilik kaygisinin ölçülmesi: inönü üniversitesi öğrencilerine yönelik bir araştirma. İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 143-160.
• Tosunay, D., & Çolak, F. Ü. (2016). Sosyal medyada otosansür: Facebook örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 4(2), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.19145/gujofoc.95244
• Turner, J. J., & Amirnuddin, P. S. (2018). Social Media Privacy and The Law: Perspectives from Malaysian and UK Consumers. The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communication and Humanities, 10(2), 31-58. Väliverronen, E., & Saikkonen, S. (2021). Freedom of Expression Challenged: Scientists’ Perspectives on Hidden Forms of Suppression and Self-censorship. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 46(6), 1172–1200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243920978303
• Van Royen, K., Poels, K., Vandebosch, H., & Adam, P. (2017). “Thinking before posting?” Reducing cyber harassment on social networking sites through a reflective message. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.040
• Wang, Y., Norice, G., & Cranor, L. F. (2011). Trust and Trustworthy Computing (Issue 6740) [Conference Proceedings]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21599-5_11
• Warner, M., & Wang, V. (2019). Self-censorship in social networking sites (SNSs) – privacy concerns, privacy awareness, perceived vulnerability and information management. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 17(4), 375–394. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-07-2018-0060
• We Are Social (2022). More than 5 billion people now use the internet. Retrieved September 6, 2022, from https:// wearesocial.com/jp/blog/2022/04/more-than-5-billion-people-now-use-the-internet/
• Worldometer (2022). Worldometer from https://www.worldometers.info/
• Yılmaz, B. S., Doğru, H., & Bahçeci, V. (2017). What if You Cannot Access the Internet in the Surveillance Society? Individuals’ Perceptions Related to the Internet Censorship and Surveillance in Turkey. Journal of Media Critiques, 3(11), 73–86.
• Yilmaz, B., & Soylu, D. (2015). Self-Censorship in Social Media: A Case Study of Hacettepe University. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 14(01), 1550010. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219649215500100
• Zhong, B., Sun, T., Zhou, Y., & Xie, L. L. (2022). Privacy matters: reexamining internet privacy concern among social media users in a cross-cultural setting. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 1-18. http://doi.org/10.108 0/15456870.2022.2099548
• Zuboff, S. (2021). Gözetleme Kapitalizmi Çağı: Gücün Yeni Sınırında İnsan Geleceği İçin Savaş. (T. Uzunçelebi, Trans.) Istanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınevi.