Rusya –Ukrayna Krizinin Dünya Gıda Güvenliğine Etkileri

Savaşlar, toplumların yapısında büyük bozulmalar meydana getirir; bu bozulmalardan biri de tarımsal alanda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın odak noktası, Rusya ve Ukrayna arasındaki savaşın dünya gıda güvenliği üzerindeki etkileridir. Bu amaçla her iki ülkenin tahıl üretimi ve ticaretinin bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte ülkeler üzerindeki önemi değerlendirilecektir. Araştırmada durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Konu ile ilgili akademik yayınlardan ve FAOSTAT ve Trade Map verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler şekil ve tablolar halinde yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Rusya-Ukrayna savaşıyla birlikte 10 milyonu aşkın kişi yerinden edilmiş, küresel ve bölgesel enerji ve gıda krizi yaşanmış, gıda güvenliği sorunları ortaya çıkmış, dünyanın en büyük ihracat bölgelerinin birinden, tarımsal üretimi ve ticareti sekteye uğratmıştır. Küresel kriz haline gelen tahıl sorununun çözümü için Türkiye’nin girişimiyle taraflar arasında 22 Temmuz 2022’de İstanbul’da “tahıl koridoru” anlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bu anlaşmayla Ukrayna'nın Karadeniz'deki üç limanından tahıl ihracatı yeniden başlamış ve dünyanın içine girdiği “gıda krizi” sorununun çözümüne yönelik önemli bir adım atılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı, Gıda güvenliği, Gıda krizi, Tahıl koridoru anlaşması

The Effects of the Russia-Ukraine crisis on World food security

Wars cause great deterioration in the structure of societies; One of these deteriorations occurs in the agricultural field. The focus of this study is the effects of the war between Russia and Ukraine on world food security. For this purpose, the importance of grain production and trade of both countries on regional and global scale will be evaluated. Case study method was used in the research. Academic publications related to the research and FAOSTAT data were used. The data obtained were rearranged in figures and tables. With the Russia-Ukraine war, more than 10 million people have been displaced, global and regional energy and food crises have occurred, food security problems have emerged, and agricultural production and trade from one of the world's largest export regions has been disrupted. A "grain corridor" agreement was signed between the parties on July 22, 2022 in Istanbul, with the initiative of Türkiye, for the solution of the grain problem, which has become a global crisis. With this agreement, grain exports from Ukraine's three ports in the Black Sea resumed and an important step was taken towards solving the "food crisis" problem that the world was in.

Keywords:

Russia-Ukraine war, Food security, Food crisis, Grain aisle agreement,

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ISSN: 1303-5851
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2003
Yayıncı: Ankara Üniversitesi Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi