Mehmet Tahsin ŞAHİN, Mutlu YILMAZ, Çiğdem VAROL

Ekonomik Faaliyet Kolu Tanımlama ve Sınıflandırma Önerisi: Bilgi Yoğun İş Hizmetleri (BYİH)

Bir ekonomik faaliyetin sınıflandırılması, o faaliyetin ne kadar iyi tanımlandığı ve özelliklerinin ne kadar iyi ortaya konulabildiği ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Ekonomik faaliyet kolları ile ilgili ilk sınıflandırma 1940’lı yıllarda üçlü sektör ayrımı ile yapılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırmaya göre birincil faaliyet olarak tarım, ikincil faaliyet olarak sanayi ve üçüncül faaliyet olarak hizmet sektörü belirlenmiştir. Fakat günümüzde, teknoloji ve bilginin gelişmesi ile birçok iş kolu ortaya çıkmış ya da kendi içinde yeni iş bölümlerine ayrılmışlardır. Bu değişimden en büyük payı da hizmet sektörü almıştır. Dünyada, özellikle son 30 yılda, sanayiden hizmet sektörüne doğru yapısal bir dönüşüm yaşanmıştır. Bu dönüşüm, hizmet sektörüne olan ilginin ve talebin artmasına neden olduğu gibi, hizmet sektörünün kendi içinde bölünmesine de sebep olmuştur. Bunun sonucunda hizmet sektörünün birçok alt faaliyet kolu ortaya çıkmıştır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında, hizmet alt sektörlerinin farklı isimlerde ve farklı içeriklerde sınıflandırıldığı görülmektedir. OECD ve Dünya Bankası’nın hizmet sektörünü üretici, tüketici ve kamu hizmetleri olmak üzere üç alt sınıfa ayırması ve buna ilaveten az bilgi ve bilgi yoğun olarak bir ayrıma gitmesi birçok tartışmayı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hizmet sektörü içinde bilgi yoğun iş hizmet faaliyetlerini (BYİH) temsil eden alt sektörleri tanımlamak ve sınıflamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, bilgi yoğun iş hizmetleri üzerine yapılmış çalışmalar, hazırlanmış raporlar ve bilgi yoğun hizmetleri temsil eden sektörler içerik analizi kullanılarak irdelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda öncelikli olarak BYİH faaliyetlerinin neleri içerdiği veya içermediği ortaya konulmakta ve faaliyet alanını tanımlama önerisi getirilmektedir. Ardından bu tanımlama temel alınarak, BYİH içindeki sektörler ele alınarak BYİH faaliyetleri sınıflandırılmaktadır. Yapılan içerik analizine göre, BYİH sektörleri içinde toplamda 10 adet bilgi yoğun hizmet faaliyeti tanımlanmaktadır. BYİH faaliyetlerini tanımlama ve sınıflandırma önerisi geliştiren bu çalışma, ekonomik faaliyet kollarının değişen içeriğini ortaya koymakta ve veri sınıfları için de önemli bir altlık sağlamaktadır.

Suggestion for Identification and Classification of Economic Activity Branch: Knowledge Intensive Business Service Activities (KIBS)

The classification of an economic activity is directly related to how well it is defined and how well its characteristics are expressed. The first classification of economic activity was made by triple sector classification in the 1940s. According to this classification, agriculture has been determined as primary activity, industry as secondary activity, and service sector as tertiary activity. However today, with the advancement of technology and knowledge, many business activities have emerged or divided into new business divisions. The most affected sector from this change has been service sector. In the world, especially in the last 30 years, there has been a structural transformation from industry towards service sector. This transformation has led to an increase in interest and demand for the service sector, and has caused business divisions within the service sector itself. As a result, many service sectors have emerged as a sub-activity. Looking at the recent studies, it is seen that service sub-sectors have been classified under different names and different contents. The fact that OECD and World Bank’s division of the service sector into three subclasses as producers, consumers and public services, as well as a low intensive knowledge and intensive knowledge classification have brought about many debates. The aim of this study is to define and classify the sub-sectors that represent knowledge intensive business service activities (KIBS) within the service sector. In accordance with this purpose, studies on knowledge intensive business services, reports and sectors representing knowledge intensive services are analyzed by using content analysis. Within this context, firstly, what is included or not included in the KIBS activities will be put forward and a proposal for identification of the branch of activity will be introduced. Secondly, based on this definition, considering the sub-sectors within KIBS, KIBS activities are categorized. According to the content analysis, a total of 10 activities are defined within KIBS. Developing a proposal for defining and classifying KIBS activities, this study reveals the changing content of branches of economic activity and provides an important basis for the data classes.

Keywords:

Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS), Economic Activity Branch Economic Geography, Content Analysis, Classification and Identification,

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ISSN: 1303-5851
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2003
Yayıncı: Ankara Üniversitesi Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi