Arıtma çamuru miktarının azaltılması ve özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla yapılan ön işlemler

Atıksu arıtma tesislerinde, arıtma işlemleri sonucunda oluşan arıtma çamurlarının anaerobik yöntemlerle stabilizasyonu; atık bünyesindeki organik madde içeriği ve patojen mikroorganizma konsantrasyonunun azaltılması amacıyla günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Anaerobik çürüme uygulamasının derecesine bağlı olarak çok faydalı bir son ürün olan ve temiz enerji kaynağı olarak nitelenen biyogaz eldesi mümkün olmaktadır. Anaerobik çürüme prosesinin oldukça yavaş bir süreç olması ve çürüme sonrasında organik maddelerin tümüyle parçalanamaması nedeniyle tam stabilizasyonun sağlanamaması ve elde edilen biyogaz miktarının az olması araştırmacıları anaerobik çürümeyi hızlandıracak ve stabilizasyon derecesini artırmayı sağlayacak yeni yöntemler geliştirmeye yöneltmiş ve çamur ön arıtımı amacıyla kullanılan bir yöntem olarak çamur dezentegrasyonu geliştirilmiştir. Dezentegrasyon işleminde, çamura uygulanan gerilmeler sayesinde çamur flok yapısı bozulmakta, mikroorganizma hücre duvarları parçalanmakta, hücre içeriğindeki organik çamur bileşenleri sıvı faza geçmektedir. Dezentegrasyon sonucunda, çamur katılarının organik madde içeriği en aza inmekte, dolayısıyla daha düşük miktarda ve daha stabil bir çamur eldesi mümkün olmaktadır. Organik maddenin yüksek derecede parçalanması klasik anaerobik çürüme işlemine göre daha fazla biyogaz üretimine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada anaerobik arıtma öncesinde çamura bir ön arıtma işlemi olarak uygulanan dezentegrasyon işleminin mekanizması ve amaçları özetlendikten sonra dezentegrasyon yöntemleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çamur, anaerobik çürüme, dezentegrasyon, Çamur, anaerobik çürüme, dezentegrasyon

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