IMAMS WITHOUT DISTRICT: CHANGING ROLES OF CONTEMPORARY MOSQUE OFFICIALS

Bir cami görevlisi olarak yeni imamın görev tanımı fiilen değişmiştir. Geleneksel vazifelerden bazılarının terk edilmesiyle birlikte modern imamın artık bir dizi yeni görevi vardır. Yeni imamın konumu ve yetkisi, sadece Avrupa'da değil, Türkiye'de de değişmiş durumdadır. Avrupa'da bir imamdan beklenenler, mesela, Ankara'daki bir imamdan beklenenlerden fazladır; Avrupa'daki bir cami önce bir Türk mahallesidir, ondan sonra dini bir mekandır ve imam da bu alanın merkezi şahsiyetidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İmam, İslam, Avrupa, Diyanet, Avrupa’da İslam, mahalle, göç

IMAMS WITHOUT DISTRICT: CHANGING ROLES OF CONTEMPORARY MOSQUE OFFICIALS

The job description of the new imam as a mosque official has de facto changed. A contemporary imam is now responsible for a number of new tasks while some of the conventional ones have been abandoned. The position and authority of the new imam – not only in Europe, but also in native Turkey – have changed. Expectations placed on an imam in Europe are greater than those placed on an imam in Ankara; a mosque in Europe is first a Turkish district, and second a religious place, with the imam as the central figure of this sphere.

Keywords:

imam, Islam, Europe, Diyanet, Islam in Europe, district, immigration,

PDF

___

Abadan-Unat, N. (1964). Batı Almanyaʾdaki Türk işçileri ve sorunları. Ankara, Başbakanlık Devlet Matbaasında basılmıştır.
Abadan-Unat, N. (1975). "Educational Problems of Turkish Migrants' Children." International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft / Revue Internationale de l'Education 21(3): 311-322.
Abadan-Unat, N. (2002). Bitmeyen göç : konuk işçilikten ulus-ötesi yurttaşlığa. Şişli, İstanbul, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Abu Zayd, N. (2008). Islam, Muslims and the West: Religion and Secularism. Islam and Europe: Challenges and Opportunities. L. F. A. Leysen Andre. Leuven, Leuven University Press.
Al-Hamarneh, A. and J. Thielmann (2008). Islam and Muslims in Germany. Leiden The Netherlands ; Boston, Brill.
Argun, B. l. E. (2003). Turkey in Germany : the transnational sphere of Deutschkei. New York, Routledge.
Asad, M. (1947). Islam at the crossroads. Dalhousie,, Arafat Publications;.
Asad, M. (2001). Islam at the crossroads. New Delhi, Goodwords Books (First edition: Dalhouise 1947).
Azmeh, A. a.-. (1993). Islams and modernities. London, Verso.
Azmeh, A. a.-. and E. Fokas (2007). Islam in Europe diversity, identity and influence. Cambridge ; New York, Cambridge University Press,: 1 online resource.
Beydilli, K. (2013). Osmanlı'da imamlar ve bir imamın günlüğü / Imams in Ottomans and a journal of an imam. İstanbul, Yitik Hazine.
Buyrukçu, R. (2006). "Türkiye'de Din Görevlisi Yetiştirme Problemi ve Çözüm Önerileri / Problem of bringin religious officials and proposals of solution." AÜİFD: Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 47(2): 99-126.
Canatan, K. (2001). Turkse Islam: Perspectieven op organisatievorming en leiderschap in Nederland. Rotterdam.
Canatan, K. and R. E. Popoviç (2005). Maatschappelijk actief in moskeeverband: een verkennend onderzoek naar de maatschappelijke activiteiten van, en het vrijwilligerswerk binnen moskeeorganisaties en het gemeentelijk beleid ten aanzien van moskeeorganisaties. ’s-Hertogenbosch-Utrecht, IHSAN, islamitisch instituut voor maatschappelijk activeringswerk.
diyanet.gov.tr. "www.diyanet.gov.tr." Retrieved 31.12.2007.
Ewing, K. P. (2003). "Living Islam in the diaspora: Between Turkey and Germany." South Atlantic Quarterly 102(2-3): 405-431.
Göle, N. (2006). "Europe’s Encounter with Islam: What Future?" Constellations 13(2): 248-262.
Göle, N. (2012). "Decentering Europe, Recentering Islam." New Literary History 43(4): 665-685.
Gözaydın, İ. (1998). Din-devlet ilişkileri ve Türkiye’de din hizmetlerinin yeniden yapılanması uluslararası sempozyumu. Istanbul, Cem Vakfı.
hakder.nl. "http://www.hakder.nl/Default.aspx?id=8881&mid=42996&midpath=,42993,,42996." Retrieved 20.12.2009.
Hellyer, H. A. (2009). Muslims of Europe The 'Other' Europeans, Edinburgh University Press.
Heyd, U. (1969). "Some Aspects of the Ottoman Fetvā." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 32(1): 35-56.
Johnson, D. (2009). "Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam, and the West." Commentary 128(2): 60-62.
Karpat, K. H. and Y. Yildirim (2010). The Ottoman Mosaic : exploring models for peace by re-exploring the past. Seattle, Cune Press.
Kawtharani, W. (1989). al-Faqīh wa al-sultān: dirāsa fī tajribatayn tārīkhiyyatayn al- Uthmāniyya wa al-Safawiyya al-Qajariyya. Beirut, Dar al-Rashid.
Khorchide, M. (2008). "How Much Should the State Influence the Islamic Religious Education in Europe? The Situation of the Islamic Religious Education in Austria compared to Germany." Osterreichische Zeitschrift Fur Politikwissenschaft 37(4): 467-+.
Koopmans, R. (2005). Contested citizenship : immigration and cultural diversity in Europe. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.
Landau, J., J. M. Landau, A. Gal, A. S. Leoussi and A. D. Smith (2010). "Diaspora Nationalism: The Turkish Case Call of the Homeland." 219-240.
Landman, N. (1992). Van Mat tot Minaret: De institutionalisering van de Islam in Nederland. Amsterdam, VU.
Landman, N. (1996). Imamopleiding in Nederland: kansen en knelpunten. Eindrapportage van een terreinverkenning in opdracht van het Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschappen. Den Haag, Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschappen.
Lewis, B. (2002). The political language of Islam. Karachi, Oxford University Press. Maréchal, B. (2008). The Muslim brothers in Europe : roots and discourse. Leiden ; Boston, Brill.
Masud, M. K., B. M. Messick and D. S. Powers (2005). Islamic legal interpretation : Muftis and their fatwas. Karachi, Oxford University Press.
Masud, M. K., R. Peters and D. S. Powers (2012). Dispensing justice in Islam : Qadis and their judgements. Leiden ; Boston, Brill.
milligorusnederland.nl. "http://www.milligorusnederland.nl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&I temid=3 " Retrieved 20.12.2009.
Modood, T. and F. Ahmad (2007). "British Muslim perspectives on multiculturalism." Theory, Culture & Society 24(2): 187-213 %@ 0263-2764.
Mumcu, U. (1987). Rabıta. İst. i.e. İstanbul, Tekin Yayınevi.
Nielsen, J. S. (2007). The Question of Euro-Islam. Islam in Europe : diversity, identity and influence. A. a.-. Azmeh and E. Fokas. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: xi, 223 p.
Ortaylı, I. l. (2008). Osmanlı'da milletler ve diplomasi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Ortaylı, İ. (1974). Tanzimattan sonra mahalli idareler (Local administrations after Tanzimat). Ankara.
Ortaylı, İ. (1985). Tanzimattan Cumhuriyete yerel yönetim geleneği (The tradition of local administration fram Tanzimat to republic period). Ankara.
Panjwani, F. (2005). "Agreed syllabi and un-agreed values: Religious education and missed opportunities for fostering social cohesion." British Journal of Educational Studies 53(3): 375-393.
Parsons, C. and T. M. Smeeding (2006). Immigration and the transformation of Europe. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Pixley, M. M. (1976). "The Development and Role of the Ṣeyhülislam in Early Ottoman History." Journal of the American Oriental Society 96(1): 89-96.
Ramadan, T. (1999). To be a European Muslim : a study of Islamic sources in the European context. Markfield, Leicester, Islamic Foundation.
Roy, O. (2002). L'islam mondialisé. Paris, Editions du Seuil.
Roy, O. (2004). Globalized Islam : the search for a new Ummah. New York, Columbia University Press.
Rubin, B. M. (2010). The Muslim brotherhood : the organization and policies of a global Islamist movement. New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan.
Schiffauer, W. (1988). Migration and Religiousness. The New Islamic presence in Western Europe. T. Gerholm, Y. G. Lithman, Stockholms universitet. Centrum för invandringsforskning. and Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien. London ; New York, Mansell: 147-157.
Shadid, W. A. R. and P. S. v. Koningsveld (2008). Islam in Nederland en België : religieuze institutionalisering in twee landen met een gemeenschappelijke voorgeschiedenis. Leuven ; Dudley, Ma., Peeters.
sicn.nl. "http://www.sicn.nl/." Retrieved 16.11.2009.
Sunier, T. (1996). Islam in beweging : Turkse jongeren en islamitische organisaties. Amsterdam, Het Spinhuis.
Sunier, T. (2009). "Teaching the Nation: Religious and Ethnic Diversity at State Schools in Britain and the Netherlands." Teachers College Record 111(6): 1555-1581.
Sunier, T. (2012). "Beyond the domestication of Islam in Europe: A reflection on past and future research on Islam in European societies." Journal of Muslims in Europe 1(2): 189- 208.
Sunier, T. and M. v. Kuijeren (2002). Islam in the Netherlands. Muslims in the West : from sojourners to citizens. Y. Y. Haddad. Oxford ; New York, Oxford University Press: xvii, 318 p.
White, J. and J. M. White (2015). "Fetva Diplomacy: The Ottoman Şeyhülislam as Trans- Imperial Intermediary." Journal of early modern history 19(2-3): 199-221.
Yazıcıoğlu, M. S. (1990). Interview with Mehmet Said Yazıcıoğlu,. Cumhuriyet newspaper. Istanbul.
Yılmaz, H. and C. a. l. E. Aykaç (2012). Perceptions of Islam in Europe : culture, identity and the Muslim 'other'. London ; New York, I.B. Tauris.
Yılmaz, M. N. (1995). Interview with Mehmet Nuri Yılmaz, 26.04.1995. Zaman newspaper. Istanbul.
Zirker, H. (1988). "Religious-Education in the Major Religions - Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam - German - Koster,F." Zeitschrift Fur Religions-Und Geistesgeschichte 40(4): 373- 374.
Zolberg, A. R. and L. W. Long (1999). "Why Islam is like Spanish: Cultural incorporation in Europe and the United States." Politics & Society 27(1): 5-38.