CICERO’NUN CILICIA VALİLİĞİ

Ünlü Romalı hukukçu, devlet adamı ve hatip Marcus Tullius Cicero MÖ 106-43 MÖ 63 yılında devlet hiyerarşisindeki en yüksek konum olan consul’luğa kadar yükselmesinin ardından politik kariyerinde önemli sorunlar yaşamış, MÖ 58 yılında gönderildiği sürgünden dönüşünün ardından kendini daha çok felsefi ve edebi çalışmalara vermiştir. Bir ex-consul olarak eyalet valiliği yapması normal olsa da MÖ 51 yılında kendisinin Cilicia valiliği gündeme gelince oldukça şaşırmış ve birçoklarının elde etmek için can attığı bu görevi istemeyerek kabul etmek durumunda kalmıştı. Nihayetinde proconsul rütbesi ile Cilicia valiliğine atanan Cicero, MÖ 51 yılı Temmuz ayından MÖ 50 yılı Temmuz ayına kadar bir yıl süreyle bu görevde kalmıştır. Eyalet yönetimindeki yolsuzlukların ve görevi kötüye kullanmaların oldukça arttığı Roma Geç Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Cilicia valiliği yapan Cicero, bu görevi boyunca bir Romalı valinin nasıl olması gerektiği konusunda adeta bir örnek teşkil etmiştir. Gerek eyalet içerisindeki politik huzursuzluklara gerekse eyalete dışarıdan gelebilecek Parth tehdidine karşı askeri ve politik önlemler alan Cicero, vergi ödemeleri konusundaki düzenlemeleriyle ekonomik alanda da reformlarda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Roma Geç Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin başlıca politik ve entellektüel kişiliklerinden olan Cicero’nun Cilicia Eyaleti valiliği ele alınırken eyaletin bu dönemdeki siyasi ve ekonomik durumu da gözler önüne serilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

M. Tullius Cicero • Cilicia • Roma Eyaletleri• Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemlerinde Anadolu

THE CILICIAN GOVERNORSHIP OF CICERO

The renowned Roman jurist, statesman and orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero 106-43 BC after reaching the highest post in the Roman Republic, the consulate 63 BC experienced serious problems in his political career. After his return from exile in 58 BC Cicero focused mostly upon his philosophical and literary works. Although it was customary for the appointment of an ex-consul to the provincial governorship, Cicero was quite surprised when his governorship came into question and he was very reluctant to take up this post while many others were eager to obtain such an office. Nevertheless, Cicero was appointed to the post of governorship of Cilicia with the rank of proconsul, holding office from July 51 to July of 50 BC Cicero held the Cilician governorship in the late Republican period when corruption and misgovernment in the Roman provincial administration increased considerably, but during his tenure in office, he set an example of how a Roman governor should act. In addition to the political and military measures he took against both political unrest in his province and against the potential Parthian threat from outside the province, he also made some economic arrangements such as tax regulations. In this paper while discussing the Cilician governorship of Cicero as one of the leading political and intellectual figure of the late Roman Republican period, light is also cast upon the political and economic conditions in the province during his governorship.

Keywords:

M. Tullius Cicero • Cilicia • Roman Provinces • Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor,

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