Çin dış politikasındaki dönüşümü anlamak: 1949’dan 2019’a tarihsel bir değerlendirme

Bu çalışma, kuruluşundan bu yana Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin statüsünde yaşanan değişimin dış dünyayla olan ilişkilerini nasıl etkilediğini ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Çin’in değişen statüsünün ülkeyi bir statükocu mu, yoksa revizyonist bir güce mi dönüştürdüğü konusunda bir savda bulunmak için, her şeyden önce reform öncesi ve sonrası dönemler arasında bir ayrım yapılması gerektiği öne sürmektedir. Maocu dönemde Çin, dünya devrimi idealine bağlı ve bu ideal için dünyanın dört bir yanında silahlı ayaklanmaları desteklemişken, Mao sonrası dönemde ekonomik reform, dışa açılma ve dünya ekonomisiyle bütünleşme politikası karşılığında bu devrimci söylemi ve politikaları terk etmiştir. Çin’in Mao sonrası dönemde, Xi Jinping’in liderliğine kadarki süreçte tek büyük stratejisi, ekonomi modelini ıslah ederek ve devlet kapitalizmi inşa ederek kendisini küresel üretim ağlarının merkezine yerleştirmek olmuştur. Ne var ki Xi Jinping ile birlikte Çin, gücünü, kendisini dünya meselelerinin merkezine yerleştirecek daha iddialı bir dış politikaya aktarmak için yeni bir büyük strateji, yani Çin Rüyasını, başlatmıştır. Küresel devrim hedefini neoliberal küreselleşmenin şampiyonu olma hedefi ile değiştirmiş olan günümüz Çin’i kapitalist sistemin kalbinde yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, Çin dış politikası, dünya siyaseti, Çin Komünist Partisi

Understanding the transformation in Chinese foreign policy: A historical evaluation from 1949 to 2019

This study examines how China’s changing status since its establishment influences its relations with the outside world. Here, it is argued that in order to make a claim on whether China’s changing status transforms the country into a status quo or a revisionist power, first of all, a distinction needs to be made between pre- and post-reform eras. While in the Maoist era China had a commitment to world revolution and hence, supported armed insurgencies throughout the world, it later abandoned this revolutionary rhetoric and the associated policies and replaced them with a policy of economic reform, opening up and integrating with the world economy. In the post-Mao period, up until Xi Jinping took the helm, China’s sole grand strategy was to reform its economic model and to build a state capitalist political economic system while positioning itself at the centre of global production networks. Under Xi, however, the country launched a new grand strategy, namely the Chinese Dream, seeking to transform its strengths into a more assertive foreign policy that would position it at the centre of global affairs. Indeed, today’s China, which replaced the goal of global revolution with the goal of being the champion of neoliberal globalization, lies at the heart of the capitalist system.

Keywords:

People’s Republic of China, Chinese foreign policy, world politics, Communist Party of China,

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