Gig Ekonomisi Bağlamında İş İlişkisinin Değişen Yüzü: Uber Örneği

Gig ekonomisi, bireylerin, kısa süreli işler bulmak ve gerçekleştirmek için uygulamalara ve/veya internet sitelerine erişim sağlayarak tamamladığı ve genellikle üç tarafın bulunduğu bir iş ilişkisini ifade etmektedir. Gig ekonomisi, hem işin niteliğinden dolayı, hem de işin gerçekleştirildiği mekân kısıtı nedeniyle talep üzerine çalışma ve çevrimiçi çalışma olarak iki alt başlık altında sınıflandırılmaktadır. Gig ekonomisinde meydana gelen iş ilişkisinin eşit sonuçlar doğurmadığı bilinmektedir. Platformların kendilerini arz ile talebi buluşturan aracı, işçileri bağımsız yükleniciler olarak sınıflandırması pek çok sorunun ortaya çıkmasında başlıca nedeni oluşturmaktadır. Üstelik gig ekonomisinin hızlı ve düzenlenmeden büyümesi konunun incelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada öncelikli olarak, gig ekonomisi kavramı açıklanmış, kavrama yönelik gerçekleştirilen tartışmalara ve iş ilişkilerinde yarattığı dönüşüme yer verilmiştir. İkinci olarak, gig ekonomisi güvencesiz istihdam bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından, gig ekonomisi içerisinde yer alan ve kişisel yolcu taşımacılığı alanında hizmet veren Uber incelenmiştir. Uber’in çalışma hayatı bağlamında olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış, iş ilişkileri, sürücülerin sınıflandırma sorununa yönelik hukuksal mücadeleleri, sendikalaşma girişimleri ve grev uygulamaları detaylı biçimde değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gig Ekonomisi, Uber, güvencesizlik, Algoritma, Teknoloji

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