AMERİKAN BOARD’UN ÇİN FAALİYETLERİ VE SUN YAT-SEN

Kısaca Amerikan Board olarak bilinen Amerika Yabancı Misyon Temsilcileri Birliği (ABCFM) on dokuzuncu yüzyıl içinde ABD’nin önde gelen Protestan misyonerlik örgütlerinden birisiydi. Bu çalışma Çin tarihi açısından büyük öneme sahip olan Amerikan Board’un Çin’de yürüttüğü misyonerlik faaliyetleri hakkındadır. Çalışmada ayrıca Çin anakarası içinde cereyan eden ve Asya-Pasifik bölgesel politikalarının kısmi temelini oluşturan, misyonerlik çalışmalarının tarihi hakkında bilgi verilmekte, bunların ne amaç ile yapıldıklarına ve sonuçlarına bakılmaktadır. Amerikan Board’un Çin’deki faaliyetlerini sınırlayabilmek amacıyla çalışma içinde Board’un Sun Yat-Sen (1866-1925) üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çin Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk lideri olan Sun Yat-Sen, binlerce yıllık hanedanlık yönetimine son veren Çin Cumhuriyeti’nin “kurucu babası” olarak bilinmektedir. Modern Çin’in en büyük liderlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Misyoner okullarında eğitim almış Amerikan Board misyonerlerince vaftiz edilmiştir. Hayatı boyunca misyonerlerin etkisinde kalmış olsa da hayatının sonunda Amerika’nın kendisini hayal kırıklığına uğrattığını düşünmüştür. Çalışmada Amerikan Board’un Çin’de ne kadar etkili bir örgüt olduğu Sun Yat-Sen örneği üzerinden gösterilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Sonuçta, Sun Yat-Sen Batı tarzı eğitimi almış bir Hristiyan ve Amerikan vatandaşı olarak bir misyonerlik ürünüdür ve ülkesinde gelebileceği en üst makama gelmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Amerikan Board (ABCFM), Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri, Çin, Sun Yat- Sen, Charles Robert Hager, İngiltere, Havai

AMERICAN BOARD ACTIVITIES IN CHINA AND SUN YAT-SEN

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), shortly known as the American Board, was one of the leading Protestant missionary organizations in the United States in the nineteenth century. This study concentrates on the American Board’s missionary activities in China, which have great importance in terms of China’s history. The study also provides information about the history of missionary work that took place within mainland China and formed a partial basis of the regional policies of the Asia-Pacific region and concentrates on their purpose and results. In this study, to limit the American Board’s activities in China, only its impact on Sun Yat-Sen (1866-1925) has been focused on. Sun Yat-Sen was the first provisional President of the Republic of China and is widely known as the “founding father” of the Republic of China, which ended thousands of years of dynastic rule. He is considered one of the most outstanding leaders of modern China. He attended missionary schools and was baptized by American Board missionaries. Although missionaries influenced him throughout his life, he thought the USA had failed him before he died. This study aims to show how effective the American Board was in China through the example of Sun Yat-Sen. After all, as a Christian and an American citizen with a Western-style education, Sun Yat-Sen is a missionary product and has come to the highest position possible in his country.

Keywords:

American Board (ABCFM), Missionary Activities, China, Sun Yat-Sen, Charles Robert Hager, England, Hawaii,

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