ORTAÇAĞ KATOLİK KİLİSESİ’NDE KONSİLYARİZM VE KONSİLYARİST HAREKET

Bir teori ve akım olarak konsilyarizm, Katolik Kilisesi’nin derin bir otorite krizine sürüklendiği, “Büyük Batı Bölünmesi” (Great Western Schism, 1378-1417) döneminde tarih sahnesine çıkmıştır. Bu akımın temel amacı, öncelikle meşru ve tek bir papa seçerek bölünmeyi sonlandırmaktır. Kilise’nin mutlak hâkimi olma iddiasında olan Papalığın otoritesini Genel Konsil’ler yoluyla sınırlandırmak ve dengelemek de akımın öncelikli amaçlarındandır. Bir başka deyişle konsilyaristler, kilise idaresinde mutlak monarşik bir yönetim yerine, görece daha demokratik bir sistemi benimsemiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle konsilyarizm fikrinin ortaya çıkışını sağlayan tarihsel arka planı incelenmiş, ardından konsilyaristlerin kilise ve kilise otoritesine ilişkin öne sürdükleri görüşlerin dayandığı temel prensipler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Konsilyarizm, Otorite, Kilise, Papalık, Büyük Batı Bölünmesi

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