GEORGE HERBERT MEAD’İN EYLEM KURAMI

Bir ya da birkaç canlı organizma tarafından belirli amaçlara yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilendavranışlar olarak tanımlanabilen eylem kavramı, sosyoloji, psikoloji, felsefe vs.disiplinlerde farklı boyutlarının ele alınarak açıklandığı bir konudur. Eylemin kaynağınınne olduğu, nasıl meydana geldiği, bir organizmanın meydana getirdiği bir eyleminetki alanının o organizma ile sınırlı olup olmadığı, eylem bağlamında organizma-çevre,zihin-beden, birey-toplum ilişkisinin nasıl açıklanabileceği sorularına bu çerçevede cevaparanır. Klasik Amerikan pragmatistlerinden George Herbert Mead, zihin-beden,birey-toplum, organizma-doğa ayrımı gibi düalist yaklaşımların oluşturduğu problemlereçözüm bulmak için bütüncül bakış açısının kaçınılmaz olduğunu savunur. O, hemeylemde bulunan bireyin bütünlüğünü hem de bireyin toplumla ve doğa ile olan bütünlüğünüortaya koyacak bir eylem kuramı önerir. Bu çerçevede Mead, eylemi insanaltı canlı varlıklar söz konusu olduğunda dürtü ve tamamlanma olmak üzere iki; insanivarlıklar söz konusu olduğunda ise dürtü, algı, düzenleme ve tamamlanma olmak üzeredört aşamayı içerecek şekilde ortaya koyar.

The Action Theory Of George Herbert Mead

The concept of action which can be defined as behaviors directed to certain purposes by one or several living organisms, is an issue which is discussed and explained in sociology, psychology, philosophy etc. disciplines with its different dimensions.The questions of what is the source of action, how it emerges, whether the scope of an organism’s action is limited to that organism, how to explain the relationship between organism and environment, mind and body, human and society are sought answers in this context. George Herbert Mead, one of the classical American pragmatists, argues that the holistic view is indispensable to find a solution to the problems of dualistic approaches such as mind-body, individual-society and organism-nature distinction. He proposes a theory of action that will reveal both the integrity of the individual acting and the integrity of the individual with the society and the nature. In this context, Mead set forth the action for the subhuman existences as including two stages, namely impulse and consummation; and for the human existences as including four stages, namely impulse, perception, manipulation and consummation.

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