NEONİKOTİNOİD PESTİSİTLERİN HİSTOPATOLOJİK VE GENOTOKSİK ETKİLERİ

ÖZETPestisitler, toksik etkileri ve birikimleri nedeniyle insan ve çevre sağlığı için en tehlikeli kirleticilerdenbiridir. Bu derlemede günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan pestisit gruplarından neonikotinoidlerininsanlar üzerindeki etkilerine dair elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilerek gelecektekiçalışmalar için özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Mevcut literatür bilgileri, Kafkas Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, ZoolojiEkotoksikolojive Moleküler Biyoloji-Genetik Anabilim Dalları Laboratuvarları ve Tıp Fakültesi,Patoloji Anabilim Dalı Laboratuvarındaki çalışmalar ışığında gözden geçirilerek derleme halindedüzenlenmiştir.Canlıda oluşan serbest radikaller, lipit, karbonhidrat, protein ve nükleik asit gibi biyomolekülleriya da hücresel komponentleri etkileyip yeni serbest radikalleri oluşturur. Bu da hücrede yapısalhasarlar meydana getirerek metabolik değişikliklere yol açmaktadırlar. Bu histopatolojik vegenotoksik derlemede anlatılan çalışmalar çerçevesinde neonikotinoidlerin omurgalılarda sonderece toksik oldukları ve omurgalılarda hızlı metabolize olamadıklarından akut toksisitelerininyüksek olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Gelişmiş tekniklerin kullanıldığı ileri düzeydeki bütün araştırmalar,histolojik ve genotoksik düzeyde temel verilere dayanarak gerçekleştirilebilir ve histopatolojikve genotoksik araştırma yöntemleri özel alanlardaki araştırmaların temel anahtarıdır.

The Histopathological and Genotoxic Effects of Neonicotinoid Pesticides

Pesticides are one of the most hazardous pollutants for human and environmental health due to their toxic effects and accumulation. In this review, it was aimed to summarize the literature which can be a source for future studies by evaluating the data about histological and genotoxic effects of neonicotinoids, one of the insecticide groups commonly used today, on vertebrates. The available literatural information arranged as compilation by revised in accordance with the works in the Kafkas University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, ZoologyEcotoxicology and Molecular Biology-Genetics Laboratories and Medicine Faculty, Pathology Laboratory. Free radicals occured in vivo create new free radicals by affecting biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids and cellular components. This also leads to metabolic changes by causing structural damage in the cell. It was demonstrated that neonicotinoids are extremely toxic to vertebrates and the acute toxicity of neonicotinoids is high because they cannot metabolize rapidly in vertebrates within the context of the studies described in this histopathological and genotoxic review. All further investigations using advanced techniques can be performed based on histological and genotoxic levels and histopathological and genotoxic research methods are the fundamental key of researches in specific fields.

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