Maternal-Fetal Attachment Levels in The Prenatal Period and the Factors Affecting It

Attachment, which begins in the prenatal period, is an important determinant for maternal and fetal/infant health. The mother, who is attached to her baby with love, contributes positively to the healthy growth and development of the baby. This study aimed to determine maternal-fetal attachment levels in the prenatal period and the factors affecting it. The study, which used a cross-sectional design, was conducted on women with pregnancy presenting to the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a state hospital. The study consisted of a total of 170 women with pregnancy who presented to the outpatient clinic for general control. The study data were collected face-to-face using a questionnaire and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). The findings also indicated that the mean age of women with pregnancy was 27.26±5.62 (years), the mean current gestational week was 33.48±3.12 (week), and the mean PAI score was 65.54±10.40. A statistically significant relationship was determined between the mean PAI scores of the women with pregnancy and their income level, employment status, sex of baby, and getting the support of the spouse during pregnancy (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Prenatal attachment, Maternal-fetal attachment, Pregnant, Midwife

Maternal-Fetal Attachment Levels in The Prenatal Period and the Factors Affecting It

Keywords:

Prenatal attachment, Maternal-fetal attachment, Pregnant, Midwife,

PDF

___

Akbarzade M, Rafiee B, Asadi N, Nematollahi A, Taheri M. 2017. Comparison of the effects of attachment and relaxation instruction on the third trimester depression and post-partum blues. NJOG, 23(1): 17-21.
Camarneiro APF, Justo JMR M. 2017. Prenatal attachment and sociodemographic and clinical factors in Portuguese couples. J Reprod Infant Psychol, 35(3): 212-222. DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2017.1297889.
Coşkun AM, Okcu G, Arslan S. 2019. The impact of distress experienced during pregnancy on prenatal attachment. Perinat J, 27(2): 49-55. DOI: 10.2399/prn.19.0272001.
Çelik E, Ergin A. 2020. The effect on pregnant women's prenatal attachment of a nursing practice using the first and second Leopold's maneuvers. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 17: e12297. DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12297.
Çıldır DA, Özbek A, Topuzoğlu A, Orçin E, Janbakhishov CE. 2019. Association of prenatal attachment and early childhood emotional, behavioral, and development characteristics: A longitudinal study. Infant Ment Health J, 1-11. DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21822.
Çınar N, Caka SY, Topal S, Yuvacı HU, Erkorkmaz U. 2017. The relation of health-related practices of pregnant women, fatigue and prenatal attachment. J College Physicians Surg Pakistan, 27(11): 693-698.
Dagklis T, Papazisis G, Tsakiridis I, Chouliara F, Mamopoulos A, Rousso D. 2016. Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women hospitalized in a high-risk pregnancy unit in Greece. Social Psychiat Epidemiol, 51(7): 1025-1031. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1230-7.
Dağlar G, Nur N. 2018. Level of mother-baby bonding and influencing factors during pregnancy and postpartum period. Psychiat Danubina, 30(4): 433-440. DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2018.433.
Dağlı E. 2018. Child health level in Turkey and the role of midwife. Quest J Res Humanit Soc Sci, 6(7): 45-49.
Durualp E, Kaytez N, Girgin BA. 2017. An analysis of the relation between marital satisfaction and maternal bonding. Anatolian J Psychiat, 18(2): 129-138.
Garthus-Niegel S, Horsch A, Soest TS, Haga SM, Drozd F, Ayers S, Eberhard-Gran M. 2019. Posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: associations with prenatal attachment in subsequent pregnancies. Arch Women's Mental Health. DOı: 10.1007/s00737-019-01011-0.
Güney E, Uçar T. 2018. Effect of the fetal movement count on maternal-fetal attachment. Japan J Nurs Sci, 16(1): 71-79. DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12214.
Hicks LM, Dayton CJ, Brown S, Muzik M, Raveau H. 2018. Mindfulness moderates depression and quality of prenatal attachment in expectant parents. Mindfulness, 9: 1604-1614. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-0907-2.
Hopkins J, Miller JL, Butler K, Gibson L, Hedrick L, Boyle DA. 2018. The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. J Reprod Infant Psychol, 36(4): 381-392.
Karabulutlu Ö, Beydağ KD, Lazoğlu M. 2020. Prenatal attachment levels and affecting factors of pregnant women living in İstanbul and Kars. Kafkas J Med Sci, 10(1): 24-31. DOI: 10.5505/kjms.2020.35002.
Kartal YA, Karaman T. 2018. Effect of birth preperation training on prenatal attachment and depression. Zeynep Kamil Medical Bul, 49 (1): 85-91. DOI: 10.16948/zktipb.321210.
Küçükkaya B, Süt HK, Öz S, Sarıkaya NA. 2020. Relationship between couples adjustment and prenatal attachment during pregnancy. ACU Health Sci J, 11(1): 102-110. DOI: 10.31067/0.2020.246.
Metin A, Pasinlioğlu T. 2016. The Relationship between perceived social support and prenatal attachment in pregnant women. Int Refer J Gynaecol Maternal Child Health, 2016: 49-66. DOI: 10.17367/JACSD.2016516857.
Muller ME. 1993. The development and testing of the prenatal attachment inventory. Western J Nurs Res, 15: 199-211.
Özdemir K, Çevirme A, Başkaya Y. 2020. Anxiety and prenatal attachment levels in pregnancy and influencing factors. Cukurova Medic J, 45(2): 502-510.
Palma E, Armijo I, Cifuentes J, Amdiado S, Rochet P, Diaz B, Gutierrez J, Mena C. 2020. Hospitalisation in high-risk pregnancy patients: is prenatal attachment affected? J Reprod Infant Psychol, 3: 1-13.
Ponti L, Smorti M, Ghinassi S, Tani F. 2021. The relationship between romantic and prenatal maternal attachment: The moderating role of social support. Int J Psychol, 56(1): 143-150. DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12676.
Ranjbar F, Warmelink JC, Ghaacheh M. 2020. Prenatal attachment in pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology: a literature review. J Reprod Infant Psychol, 38(1): 86-108. DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.170526.
Salehi K, Taleghani F, Kohan S. 2019. Effect of attachment-based interventions on prenatal attachment: a protocol for systematic review. Reprod Health, 16: 42 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0704-y.
Smorti M, Ponti L, Simoncini T, Pancetti F, Mauri G, Gemignani A. 2020. Psychological factors and maternal-fetal attachment in relation to epidural choice. Midwifery, 88: 102762. DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102762.
Smorti M, Ponti L, Ghinassi S, Rapisardi G. 2020. The mother-child attachment bond before and after birth: The role of maternal perception of traumatic childbirth. Early Human Devel, 142: 104956.
Tunçel NT, Süt HK. 2019. The effect of anxiety, depression and prenatal distress levels in pregnancy on prenatal attachment. Gynecol Obstet Neonatol Medic J, 16(1): 9-17.
Tunçel NT, Süt HK. 2018. The effect of anxiety, depression and prenatal distress levels in pregnancy on prenatal attachment. J Gynecol Obstet Neonatol, 16(1): 9-17.
Vedova AMD, Cristini C, Bizzi F. 2019. Prenatal attachment, distress symptoms and psychosocial variables in a sample of Italian first-time parents. Life Span Disab, 22(2): 255-285.
Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. 2013. Adaptation of prenatal attachment inventory to Turkish: reliability and validity study. Anatolian J Nurs Health Sci, 16(2): 103-109.