Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme

Toplumsal ve bireysel dünyaya ilişkin araştırmalarda kullanılabilecek iki ana yaklaşım ve bu kapsamda iki temel örnekleme yöntemi vardır. Bunlar nicel ve nitel araştırma ile olasılıklı ve olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemleridir. Alanyazında alternatif yaklaşımlar arasındaki farklılıkları tartışan araştırma ve örnekleme yöntemleri üzerine kitaplar olmasına rağmen, örneklem yöntemlerini inceleyen araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Kavramsal tarama modelinde desenlenen çalışmanın temel gerekçesi, özellikle Türkçe alanyazındaki nitel yöntemleri kullanan çalışmalarda karşılaşılan örnek seçimi, örnek belirleme yöntemi ve örnek hacmi sorunlarıdır. Bu bağlamda, hatalı örnek veya yöntem seçimi sonucu birçok nitel desenli araştırmanın geçerlik, güvenirlik, tutarlık ve inandırıcılığı da sorunlu olmaktadır. Bu çalışma özellikle nitel araştırmaların sıklıkla yapıldığı sosyal bilimler alanyazınında karşılaşılan örnek belirleme, örnek hacmi ve örnekleme yöntemlerinin kavramsallaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma ile güncel tartışmalar eşliğinde nitel araştırmalar için kuramsal ve uygulamaya dönük bir altyapı hazırlanması da amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle araştırmanın doğası, nitel ve nicel araştırmanın yapısı ile her iki araştırma yönteminin örnekleme kuramları ele alınmış; ardından, nitel araştırmalarda kullanılan temel örnekleme yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca, örnek hacmi ve örneklemin uygulanması ile alanyazındaki çeşitli çalışmalarda araştırmacıların sıklıkla yaptıkları hatalar da tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Araştırma yöntemleri, Nitel araştırma, Örnek, Örneklem, Örnek hacmi

A Conceptual Review of Sampling Methods and Sample Size Problems in Qualitative Research

There are two major approaches, and two basic sampling methods to research that can be used in the study of the social and the individual world. These are quantitative and qualitative research, and probability and nonprobability sampling. Although there are books on research methods that discuss the differences between alternative approaches and sampling methods, it is rare to find an article that examines the design issues at the intersection of the quantitative and qualitative divide and especially sampling methods based on eminent research literature. The main reason for this study, which is modeled in the conceptual review model, is that it is problematic to choose the sample that is encountered in studies using qualitative methods in the Turkish literature. In this context, the validity, reliability, consistency, and credibility of many qualitative research studies resulting in the selection of faulty samples or methods are also problematic. This study was carried out to conceptualize sample determining, sample volume and sampling methods encountered in the social sciences literature, where qualitative studies are frequently performed. It is also aimed to prepare a theoretical and practical infrastructure for qualitative studies in the context of contemporary discussions. This study has been carried out to provide a theoretical and practical background at the point of conceptualization of sampling methods, sample size problems and sampling methods encountered in the social sciences literature, in which qualitative studies are carried out. In this study, primarily the nature of the research, the structure of the qualitative and quantitative research and sampling theories of both research methods are discussed; Followed by basic sampling methods used in qualitative research. The research also discusses the frequent mistakes made by researchers in various studies involving sample size and sample implementation.

Keywords:

Research methods, Qualitative research, Sample, Sampling, Sample size,

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