Zeytin Karasuyunun Anaerobik Arıtılabilirliği ve Biyogaz Üretim Potansiyelinin Araştırılması

Zeytinyağı üretim fabrikalarında zeytin karasuyunun anaerobik olarak arıtılması hem biyogaz üretimi hem de sürdürülebilir çevre için umut verici bir yöntemdir. Bununla birlikte zeytinyağı fabrikalarının dönemsel çalışıyor olması bir dezavantaj gibi görünse de geniş zaman imkanı ile yüksek organik yüke sahip olan zeytin karasuyunun gerekli seyreltme ve baz ilavesi gibi ön işlemler ile arıtılması mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, yaklaşık 78000 mg/L KOİ konsantrasyonuna sahip ham zeytin karasuyu yaklaşık 1/8 oranında musluk suyu ile seyreltilerek 6,15 L aktif hacme sahip yukarı akışlı havasız çamur yataklı anaerobik reaktörde mezofilik şartlarda (37±0,5 °C) arıtılmıştır. Deneysel çalışma esnasında zeytin karasuyunun fiziksel ve kimyasal yapısından kaynaklanabilecek olumsuzlukların önüne geçerek gerekli mikroorganizma adaptasyonunun sağlanabilmesi için 39 günlük bir kesikli besleme süreci ile proses deneysel çalışmaya hazırlanmıştır. Hidrolik besleme süresinin 10 gün organik yükleme oranının 1 kg KOİ/m3 /gün olduğu anaerobik proses 32 gün boyunca yarı sürekli olarak beslenmiştir. Düşük alkaliniteye sahip olduğu için 615 mL seyreltilmiş zeytin karasuyunun (10000 mg KOİ/L) anaerobik arıtımı 1N 12 mL NaOH ilavesi ile pH 6,8-7,2 aralığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda %75,6 (±14,2) KOİ giderimi ile birlikte 2177 (± 279) mL/gün biyogaz üretiminin gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Anaerobik arıtma, seyreltilerek alkalinite takviyesi yapılmış olan zeytin karasuyundan KOİ giderimi ve biyogaz üretimi için sürdürülebilirlik açısından ve çevresel olarak dikkate alınması gereken bir prosestir.Anahtar kelimeler: Zeytin Karasuyu, Anaerobik Arıtma, KOİ Giderimi, Biyogaz Üretimi.

Investigation of Anaerobic Treatability and Biogas Production Potential of Olive Mill Wastewater

Anaerobic treatment of olive mill wastewater in olive oil production plants is a promising method for both biogas production and environmental sustainability. Moreover, it is possible to treat the olive mill wastewater which has high organic load with the opportunity of wide time, with the necessary dilution and base adding, although it seems to be a disadvantage that the olive oil mills operate seasonally. In this study, raw olive mill wastewater with a COD concentration of approximately 78000 mg/L was diluted with tap water at a rate of about 1/8 and treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor under mesophilic conditions (37±0.5 °C) with an active volume of 6.15 L. During the experimental study, the system was prepared for an experimental study with 39 days batch feeding process in order to provide the necessary microorganism adaptation by preventing the negative effects that may arise from the physical and chemical structure of the olive mill wastewater. The anaerobic process was fed semicontinuous for 32 days, where the hydraulic retention time was 10 days and the organic loading rate was 1 kg COD/m3 /day. The low alkalinity of olive mill wastewater was challenging for the anaerobic process. Approximately 615 mL (10000 mg/L COD) diluted olive mill wastewater by adding 1N 12 mL NaOH was brought to the appropriate pH range for anaerobic conditions (6.8-7.2). At the end of the study, it was determined that 2177 (± 279) mL/day biogas production was realized with 75.6% (± 14.2) COD removal. Anaerobic treatment is a process that must be considered in terms of sustainability and environment for COD removal and biogas production from olive mill wastewater which has been diluted and supplemented alkalinity.Keywords: Olive Mill Wastewater, Anaerobic Treatment, COD Removal, Biogas Production

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