Şahin KÖK, Nihat AKTAÇ, İşıl ÖZDEMİR, İsmail KASAP

Çanakkale il merkezinde yaprakbitleri (Hemiptera: Aphididae) ile karınca (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) türlerinin yeni ilişki kayıtları

Yaprakbitleri ve karıncalar doğada mutualistik ya da zorunlu mutualistik bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Birçok karınca türü yumuşak vücutlu ve zayıf bir savunmaya sahip yaprakbitlerini doğal düşmanlarına karşı korumaktadır. Çanakkale il merkezinde 2014 ve 2015 yılları arasında yaprakbitleri ve karıncalar arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için yürütülen bu çalışmanın sonucunda Formicidae familyasının Dolichoderinae, Formicinae ve Myrmicinae altfamilyaları içerisinde bulunan 8 cinse ait, 12 karınca türünün 16 farklı yaprakbiti ile ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Farklı yaprakbitleri ile ilişkili en fazla karşılaşılan karınca türleri Lasius alienus (Foerster, 1850), Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latreille, 1798), Camponotus aethiops Latreille, 1798 ve Plagiolepis taurica Santsci, 1920’dir. Farklı karınca türleri ile ilişkili en fazla karşılaşılan yaprakbitleri ise Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 ve Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854’dir. Ayrıca Camponotus samius Forel, 1889, Camponotus sanctus Forel, 1904, Crematogaster ionia Forel, 1911 ve Pheidole cf. pallidula (Nylander, 1849) karınca türlerinin yaprakbitleri ile ilişkili olduğu Türkiye’de ilk kez bu çalışma ile belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ilave olarak belirlenen yaprakbitlerinden Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841, Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863, Aphis umbrella (Börner, 1950), Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch, 1854, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach, 1843), Panaphis juglandis (Goeze, 1778), Prociphilus fraxini (Fabricius, 1777)’nin ise karıncalar ile işbirliği içinde olduğu Türkiye’de ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak son çalışmalar yaprakbitleri ve karıncalar arasındaki ilişkilerin bölgesel olarak daha detaylı araştırılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

yaprakbiti, karınca, mutualizm, Çanakkale, Türkiye

The new association records on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Central Province of Çanakkale

Aphid and ant species have a mutualistic or an obligately mutualistic association in nature conditions. Many ant species protect soft-bodied aphids with a low level of defense against their natural enemies. This study was conducted to determine the associations between aphid and ant species from 2014 to 2015 in the Center of Çanakkale Province and 12 ant species belonging to 8 genera in Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae subfamilies of Formicidae associated with 16 aphid species were determined. The most encountered ant species associated with different aphids were Lasius alienus (Foerster, 1850), Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latreille, 1798), Camponotus aethiops Latreille, 1798 and Plagiolepis taurica Santsci, 1920. The most encountered aphid species associated with different ant species, were; Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 and Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854. Moreover, Camponotus samius Forel, 1889, Camponotus sanctus Forel, 1904, Crematogaster ionia Forel, 1911 and Pheidole cf. pallidula (Nylander, 1849) associations with aphids were determined for the first time in Turkey. Furthermore, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841, Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863, Aphis umbrella (Börner, 1950), Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch, 1854, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach, 1843), Panaphis juglandis (Goeze, 1778), Prociphilus fraxini (Fabricius, 1777) and their associations with different ant species were determined for the first time in Turkey. Consequently, the recent studies indicated that aphid-ant associations should be further detailed investigated locally.

Keywords:

aphid, ant, mutualism, Çanakkale, Türkiye,

PDF

___

Aktaç N., Karaman C., 2012. Kaz Dağları karıncaları (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)’nın horizontal ve vertikal dağılımları. In: Proceeding of 21st National Congress of Biology. Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Turkey, 203–204 p.
Akyıldırım H., Şenol Ö., Görür G., Aktaç N., Demirtaş E., 2014. Determined aphid and ant associations from Trabzon, Rize and Artvin Provinces of the Turkey. Journal of Entomological Research Society, 16 (2), 29-37.
Akyürek B., Zeybekoğlu Ü., Görür G., Karavın M., 2016. Reported aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) and ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species associations from Samsun Province. Journal of Entomological Research Society, 18 (3), 97-106.
Aras A., Aktaç N., 1992. Gökçeada karınca faunası hakkında ön araştırma. In: Proceeding of 11th National Congress of Biology, Journal of Zoology, Elazığ, Turkey, 45–53 p.
Aras A., Aktaç N., 1994. Bozcaada karınca faunası, In: Proceeding of 12th National Congress of Biology, Edirne, Turkey, 234–241 p.
Begon M.E., Harper J.L., Townsend C.R., 1999. Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Sci., 1068 pp.
Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 2006. Aphids on the world’s herbaceous plants and shrubs. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Naturel History Museum, London, 1439 pp.
Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 2017. Aphids on the world’s plants an online identification and information guide, http://www.aphidsonworldsplants.info (Date accessed: September 2017).
Bodenheimer F.S., Swirski E., 1957. The Aphidoidea of the Middle East. Weizmann Science Press of Israel, Jerusalem, 378 pp.
Bolton B., 2017. An online catalogue of the ants of the world. Antcat., http://www.antcat.org/ (Date accessed: September 2017).
Boucher D.H., James S., Keeler K.H., 1982. The ecology of mutualism. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 13, 315-47.
Favret C., 2017. Aphid species file (Version 5.0), http://http://aphid.speciesfile.org (Date accessed: September 2017).
Görür G., Senol O., Gezici G., Akyildirim Begen H., Parmaksiz D., 2017. New aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) records from South Eastern Parts of Turkey. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 3 (3), 257–264.
Heie O.E., 1986. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (III), Family Aphididae: Subfamily Pterocommatinae & Tribe Aphidini of Subfamily Aphidinae. E. J. Brill/Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Leiden-Copenhagen, 314 pp.
Hille Ris Lambers D., 1950. On mounting aphids and other soft skinned insects. Entomologische Berichten, XIII, 55-58.
Holman J., 2009. Host plant catalog of aphids, palaearctic region. Springer, Branisovska, 1216 pp.
Karaman C., Kiran K., Aksoy V., Çamlitepe Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Camponotus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal Zoology, 41, 998-1004.
Kök Ş., Kasap İ., Özdemir I., 2016. Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species determined in Çanakkale province with a new record for the aphid fauna of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40 (4), 397-412.
Krohne D.T., 1998. General ecology. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA, 722 pp.
Latibari H.M., Khormizi M.Z., Moravvej G., Namaghi H.S., 2017. Survey on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their aphid partners (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Northeast and Center of Iran. Entomofauna, 38 (17), 369-376.
Mirzamohamadi S., Hosseini M., Sadeghi Namaghi H., Karimi J., Mehrparvar M., 2015. Symbiotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Golestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 11 (2), 101-111.
Mortazavi Z.S., Sadeghi H., Aktac N., Depa L., Fekrat L., 2015. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their aphid partners (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Mashhad region, Razavi Khorasan Province, with new records of aphids and ant species for fauna of Iran. Halteres, 6, 4-12.
Mossadegh M.S., Stary P., Sharaf M., Mohammadi S., Aldawood A.S., Tamoli Torfi E., Abolfarsi R., Bahrami R., Mohseni L., Shahini A., Seifollahi F., Soheilyfar P.,
Ravan B., Alaghemand A., 2016. Aphid-ant-parasitoid and host plant associations in drylands of Khuzestan, Iran (Hemiptera: Aphidae; Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 152, 289–294.
Özdemir I., Aktaç N., Toros S., Kılınçer N., Gürkan M.O., 2008, Investigations of the associated between aphids and ants on wild plants in Ankara province (Turkey). Munis Entomology Zoology, 3 (2), 606-613.
Shiran E., Mossadegh M.S., Esfandiari M., 2013. Mutualistic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with aphids in central and southwestern parts of Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 2 (1), 1-12.
Stadler B., Dixon F.G., 2005. Ecology and evolution of aphid-ant interactions. The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 36, 345-372.
Styrsky J.D., Eubanks M.D., 2007. Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 274, 151-164.
Völkl W., Mackauer M., Pell J.K., Brodeur J., 2007. Predators, parasitoids and pathogens. In: Aphids as crop pests. van Emden H.F., Harrington R. (Eds.). Wallingford, CABI, 187–233 pp.