Zaman Serisi NDVI Verileri ve Resmi Tarım İstatistikleri Kullanarak Türkiye Buğday Alanlarının Haritalandırılması

Buğday dünya genelinde tarımı en yaygın yapılan tarım ürünüdür ve birçok ülke için ana besin kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Geniş iklimsel ve coğrafi koşullar altında yetişebilme özelliğinden dolayı, buğdayın üretim miktarı ve yetiştirme alanı diğer tahıl ürünlerinden daha fazladır. Buğday tarımı yapılan alanlarla ilgili olarak güncel ve güvenilir bilgiye erişim, ülkelerin tarımsal üretimlerini planlamaya ve üretim alanlarını gözlemlemeye yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesinde büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tarım istatistikleri geleneksel olarak bu tür bilgilerin ana kaynağı olarak öngörülse de, ülkemizde olduğu gibi çiftçi beyanına bağlı tarım istatistikleri maalesef hangi tarım ürününün hangi mekânsal konumda yetiştirildiği bilgisini sunmamaktadır. Uzaktan algılama teknolojisi, tarım istatistiklerini yardımcı veri kaynağı şeklinde kullanarak bu tür bilgiyi üretmemize imkân sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, zaman serisi NDVI verileri ve resmi tarım istatistiklerini regresyon analizi ile entegre ederek Türkiye buğday alanlarını birim alanda yüzde değer olarak belirlemek ve haritalandırmaktır. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; NDVI uydu verisi, resmi buğday istatistiklerindeki değişkenliğin %95.8’ni açıklayabilmektedir ve gerçek buğday parselleri istatistiksel olarak NDVI verisinden üretilen buğday sınıfları ile önemli derecede ilişkilidir. Regresyon modeli ile elde edilen buğday haritasının doğruluk analizine göre, gerçek buğday alan yüzdeleri ile NDVI verisinden üretilen buğday alan yüzdeleri arasındaki ilişki %69 R2 düzeyindedir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan yöntem, buğday üretimi yapılan parselleri belirlemek isteyen kurumlar için tavsiye edilebilir niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Harita, NDVI, tarım istatistikleri, buğday

Mapping Wheat Growing Areas of Turkey by Integrating Multi-Temporal NDVI Data and Official Crop Statistics

Wheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the world providing critical food source of most countries. It exceeds most of the grain crops in acreage and production because of its ability to grow in wide range of climatic and geographic conditions. Timely and reliable information on wheat acreages is essential for government services in order to formulate their policies for planning of agricultural production and monitoring their food supply. Traditionally, agricultural statistics is considered as the main source of such information. Unfortunately, existing statistical data of wheat acreages of Turkey, mostly dependent on farmers’ declarations, does not provide spatial information of where this crop specifically is grown. Satellite remote sensing technology can enable the acquisition of such information indirectly with the use of ancillary data of crop statistics. This study aims to determine wheat cultivation areas of Turkey as percentage per unit area in a crop map by integrating time series satellite NDVI imagery with the official crop statistics through regression analysis. The regression results indicated that satellite data explained 95.8% of the variability in official wheat crop statistics and actual wheat cropping areas were significantly related to NDVI-based wheat classes. Validation of the produced wheat map showed that there was good agreement between actual wheat fractions and estimated NDVI-based wheat fractions explaining approximately 69% (Adj. R2) of the total variability between them. This study suggests use of the methodology employed here to governing bodies that need to identify and to map current wheat cropping areas.

Keywords:

Map, NDVI, agricultural statistics, wheat,

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