Descartes Felsefesinde Cogito ve Tanrı'nın Konumunun Bilgi ve İnanç Konusuna Etkisi

The Influence of Cogito and Position of God to Subjects of Knowledge and Belief in Descartes' Philosophy

John Locke did not apply the epistemological criteria which were determined in his Essay to the Reasonableness in which he argued reasonableness of Christian belief. Instead, he supported his arguments about authenticity of Christian revelation and being the true words of God, by miracles. His strategy of justifying the reliability of the miracles by basing it to the reliability of witness considered philosophically inconsistent and target of criticism from different aspects. As a consequence; it can be seen that, Locke opinions about the possibility of demonstration of the existence of God and knowledge about ethical propositions as certain as mathematical propositions, deviated to a kind of fideistic approach in arguing the reasonableness of Christian belief and revelation

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Öz: Dinî inancın aklî olabilmesi için Essay'de belirttiği çeşitli epis
temolojik kriterleri, Hıristiyan inancının aklîliğini savunduğu Rea
sonablenss adlı eserinde uygulamayan John Locke, Hıristiyan vahyi
nin otantik olduğu ve hakikaten Tanrı sözü olduğu iddiasını des
teklemek için mucize kanıtını destek olarak öne sürmüştür. Muci
zenin güvenirliğini ona şahit olanların güvenilirliğine dayandıran
Locke'un bu argümanı felsefî açıdan tutarlı olmamakla birlikte pek
çok noktadan da eleştiriye açıktır. Sonuç olarak; Tanrı'nın varlığı
ve ahlakî önermelere dair bilginin matematiksel kesinlik derece
sinde ispatlanabileceğini öne süren Locke'un, Hıristiyan vahyi ve
inancının aklî olduğunu ispatlama konusunda fideizm benzeri bir
anlayışa meylettiği görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: John Locke, Hristiyanlık, aklîlik, mucize, inanç, tasdik.