Genç Yetişkinlerin Beslenme Durumunun Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2005 İle Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu araştırma 19-35 yaş arasındaki bireylerin beslenme durumlarının sağlıklı yeme indeksi (Healthy Eating Index-HEI-2005) ile saptanması amacıyla planlanıp yürütülmüştür. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışma, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya Bingöl Üniversitesinde eğitim gören 19-35 yaş arasındaki gönüllü 498 üniversite öğrencisi (erkek= 230, %46.2, kadın= 268, %53.8) katılmıştır. Sorukağıdı ile öğrencilere ilişkin genel bilgiler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, 24 saatlik besin tüketim durumu saptanmış, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış ve bireylerin HEI-2005 değerleri hesaplanmış, indeksle yaş ve cinsiyet ilişkisi incelenmiştir. HEI tam puanı 100dür. Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi skoru 80nin üzerinde ise diyet kaliteli, 51-80 arasında ise diyet geliştirilmeli ve 51in altında ise diyet yetersiz olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması erkeklerde 22.1±2.8, kadınlarda 21.7±3 yıldır. Ortalama beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) erkeklerde 23.1±2.7, kadınlarda 22.4±3.5 kg/m2 olarak bulunmuştur. Bireylerin %85.7si 19-24 yaş grubundadır. Bireylerin %96.4ü bekardır. Erkeklerin %48.7si ve kadınların %79.9u sigara kullanmaz iken, erkeklerin %42.6sı ve kadınların %13.8i halen sigara kullanmaktadır. Toplam HEİ-2005 puanı karşılaştırıldığında kadınların HEİ-2005 skorunun (57.1±6.7 puan) erkeklerden (54.0±6.3 puan) fazla olduğu görülmüştür (p

Assessment of Nutritional Status of Young Adults with Healthy Eating Index-2005

Aim: This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of individuals between the ages of 19-35 used with Healthy Eating Index (HEI) -2005. Subject and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Sample was consisted of a total of 498 (male= 230, 46.2%; female= 298, 53.8%) university students, aged 19-35 years from different academic departments. The students general characteristics, nutritional habits, 24-hour recalls were determined by using a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements were assessed and HEI-2005 scores were calculated and also relationships with age and sex were evaluated. The maximum overall score is 100. An HEI score over 80 implies a good diet, an HEI score between 51 and 80 implies a diet that needs improvement and an HEI score less than 51 implies a poor diet. Results: Mean age of male and female students were 22.1±2.8 and 21.7±3 years, respectively. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.1±2.7 in men and 22.4±3.5 kg/m2 in women. Totally, 85.7% of students were in19 to 24 years age group, 96.4% of individuals were single. 48.7% of men and 79.9% of women had never smoked, 42.6% of men and 13.8% of women were current smokers. Total HEI - 2005 score of women (57.1 ± 6.7 points) was higher compared to men (54.0 ± 6.3 points) (p<0.05). The majority of students (male= 72.6% , female= 85.8%) had a diet quality that improvement is needed, but the average showed that diet had poor quality. Conclusion: University students are an important group whose eating habits could be controlled and improved, so that the development of adulthood period diseases could be prevented. Training programmes should be implemented for increasing nutrition awareness and knowledge; programmes and policies should be planned and implemented for university students.

PDF

___

1.Yılmaz E, Özkan S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi 2007;2(6):87-104.
2.Baysal A. Beslenme. 9. Baskı. Hatiboğlu Basın ve Yayım San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Ankara, 2012, s.5-60.
3.Özyazıcıoğlu N. Uludağ Üniversitesi sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2009;12(2):34-40.
4.Korkmaz NH. Uludağ üniversitesi öğrencilerinin spor yapma ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi 2010;23(2):399- 413.
5.Ayhan DE, Günaydın E, Gönlüaçık E, Arslan U, Çetinkaya F, Asımı H ve ark. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve bunları etkileyen faktörler. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;38:97-104.
6.Pekcan G. Beslenme durumunun saptanması. Ed.Baysal, A., Aksoy, M., Besler, H.T., Bozkurt, N., Keçecioğlu, S., Mercanligil, S. ve arkadaşları. Diyet El Kitabı. 6. baskı. Hatiboğlu Basın ve Yayım San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Ankara, 2011, s. 67-143.
7.Guenther PM, Casavale KO, Reedy J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hiza HA, Kuczynski KJ, et al. Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013;113(4):569-580.
8.Shatenstein B, Nadon S, Godin C, Ferland G. Diet quality of Montreal-area adults needs improvement: estimates from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire furnishing a dietary indicator score. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105(8):1251-1260.
9.Dixon LB. Updating the healthy eating index to reflect current dietary guidance. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108(11);1837-1842.
10.Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Development of the Healthy Eating Index-2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108(11):1896-1901.
11.Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Reeve BB. Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108(11):1854-1864.
12.Manios Y, Kourlaba G, Kondaki K, Grammatikaki E, Birbilis M, Oikonomou E, et al. Diet quality of preschoolers in Greece based on the Healthy Eating Index: the GENESIS study. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109(4):616-623.
13.Drewnowski A, Fiddler EC, Dauchet L, Galan P, Hercberg S. Diet Quality Measures and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in France: Applying the Healthy Eating Index to the SU.VI.MAX Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2009;28:22-29.
14.Feskanich D, Rockett HR, Colditz GA. Modifying the Healthy Eating Index to assess diet quality in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:1375-1383.
15.Matheson EM, King DE, Everett CJ. Healthy lifestyle habits and mortality in overweight and obese individuals. J Am Board Fam Med 2012;25(1):9-15.
16.Exebio JC, Zarini GG, Exebio C, Huffman FG. Healthy Eating Index scores associated with symptoms of depression in Cuban-Americans with and without type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study. Nutr J 2011;10:135.
17.Huffman FG, De La Cera M, Vaccaro JA, Zarini GG, Exebio J, Gundupalli D, et al. Healthy eating index and alternate healthy eating index among Haitian Americans and African Americans with and without type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Metab 2011;324-398.
18.Weinstein SJ, Vogt TM, Gerrior SA. Healthy Eating Index scores are associated with blood nutrient concentrations in the third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104(4):576-584.
19.Pan Y, Pratt CA. Metabolic syndrome and its association with diet and physical activity in US adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108(2):276-286.
20.Kuczmarski MF, Cremer Sees A, Hotchkiss L, Cotugna N, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Higher Healthy Eating Index-2005 scores associated with reduced symptoms of depression in an urban population: findings from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110(3):383-389.
21.Chandran U, Bandera EV, Williams-King MG, Paddock LE, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Lu SE, et al. Healthy eating index and ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2011;22(4):563-571.
22.Haghighatdoost F, Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammadifard N, Sajjadi F, Maghroon M, Boshtam M, et al. Healthy eating index and cardiovascular risk factors among Iranians. J Am Diet Assoc 2013;32:2.
23.Drescher LS, Thiele S, Mensink GBM. A new index tomeasure healthy food diversity better reflects a healthy diet than traditional measures. J Nutr 2007;137:647- 651.
24.McNaughton SA, Ball K, Crawford D, Mishra GD. An index of diet and eating patterns is a valid measure of diet quality in an Australian Population. J Nutr 2008;138:86-93.
25.Woodruff SJ, Hanning RM. Development and implications of a revised Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEIC-2009). Am J Public Health 2009;13(6):820-825.
26.Lee M, Huang Y, Su H, Lee M, Wahlqvist M. A simple food quality index predicts mortality in elderly Taiwanese. J Nutr 2011;15(10):815-821.
27.Torheim LE, Barikmo I, Parr CL, Hatloy A, Ouattara F, Oshaug A. Validation of food variety as an indicator of diet quality assessed with a food frequency questionnaire for Western Mali. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57(10):1283- 1291.
28.Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Velasco J, Ortega M, Caballero AM, Olea-Serrano F. Evaluation of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) in children and adolescents in Southern Spain. Am J Public Health 2009;12(9):1408-1412.
29.Marshall S, Watson J, Burrows T, Guest M, Collins CE. (2012) The development and evaluation of the Australian child and adolescent recommended food score: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2012;11(96):1-10.
30.Fujita M, Lo YJ, Baranski JR. Dietary diversity score is a useful indicator of vitamin a status of adult women in Northern Kenya. Am J Hum Biol 2012;24:829-834.