Büyüme ve Gelişme Süresince Vücut Bileşiminde Oluşan Değişiklikler ve Önemi

Bebeklik, çocukluk ve adolesan dönemleri büyüme ve gelişme için kritik dönemler olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenme büyüme ve gelişmeyi etkileyen önemli etmenler arasında yer almakta olup büyüme ve gelişme süresince vücut ağırlığında oluşan değişikliklerin sağlık üzerinde uzun süreli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle fetal dönemden itibaren vücut ağırlığında oluşan değişikliklerin izlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Büyüme ve yaşın artışına bağlı olarak sadece vücut ağırlığında değil vücut bileşiminde de değişiklikler oluşmakta ve bu değişiklikler cinsiyete göre farklılık göstermektedir. Yenidoğan erkeklerde yağsız vücut kütlesi, kızlarda ise vücut yağ kütlesi daha yüksektir. Doğumda erkek ve kızlar arasında bulunan vücut bileşimi arasındaki bu fark ergenlik dönemine kadar giderek artmaktadır. Büyüme ve gelişme süresince hızlı vücut ağırlık kazanımı, özellikle vücut yağ oranının artmasına neden olarak yetişkin dönemde obezite riskini artırmaktadır. Büyüme ve gelişme süresince vücut ağırlığı ve vücut bileşimi ölçümlerinin belirli aralıklarla alınarak izlenmesi ve uygun standart büyüme eğrileri ile karşılaştırılması gereklidir. Bu durum aşırı veya yetersiz beslenme durumlarının erken dönemde belirlenebilmesi için önem taşımaktadır. Bu derleme yazıda büyüme ve gelişme ile vücut ağırlığı ve vücut bileşiminde oluşan değişiklikler ve sağlık üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmiştir.

The Importance and Changes of Body Composition During Growth and Development

Infancy, childhood and adolescence periods are considered critical periods of growth and development. Adequate and balanced nutrition is among the important factors that affect the growth and development. Changes in body weight during growth and development have long-term effects on health. For this reason, it is important to monitor the changes in body weight as of the fetal period. With growth and increasing age changes not only occur in the body weight but also in the body composition, and these changes differ with gender. Newborn boys have higher lean body mass, and newborn girls have higher body fat mass. The difference in the body compositions of boys and girls at birth increases up until puberty. Rapid weight gain during growth and development increases the risk of adulthood obesity, especially by causing an increase in body fat. During growth and development, body weight and body composition measurements should be taken and monitored at specific intervals, and the results should be compared to the appropriate standard growth curves. This is an important action in order to determine excessive or insufficient nutritional status in early periods. Therefore, in this review article changes in body weight and body composition during growth and development and their effects on health were discussed.

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