Engin GEZER, Orcan MIZRAK, M.çağrı ÇETİN

TÜRKİYE GENÇ GÜREŞ MİLLİ TAKIMI SPORCULARININ ÖFKE DÜZEYLERİ İLE EMPATİK EĞİLİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı; genç güreşçilerin öfke düzeyleri ve empatik eğilimlerinin tespit edilmesi ve Türkiye genç güreş milli takımı sporcularının öfke düzeyleri ile empatik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışma yaş ortalamaları 17 ile 20 19,0±0.82 arasında değişen 46 adet genç güreş milli takım sporcusu üzerine yapılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak; Davis 1980 tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması Engeler 2005 tarafından yapılan Kişiler Arası Tepkisellik İndeksi ve Spielberger 1988 tarafından geliştirilip Özer 1994 tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke Tarzı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlere geçmeden önce ölçeklerden elde edilen puanların normal dağılım gösterip göstermediği test etmek amacıyla yapılan Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk testleri sonucunda gözlem değerlerinin normal dağılım göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. Dağılımın normal olmamasından dolayı nonparametrik korelasyon testlerinden Spearman Korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel çözümleri Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v19 programından yararlanılarak yapılmıştır. Kişiler Arası Tepkisellik İndeksi ve Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke Tarzı ölçeklerinden elde edilen puan ortalamalarının minimum ve maksimum değerleri tabloda gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; analiz sonuçları Türkiye genç güreş milli takımı sporcularının öfke düzeyleri ile empatik eğilimleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin p

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Öfke İfade, Empatik Eğilim, Güreşçiler

THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANGER EXPRESSION AND EMPATHIC DISPOSITIONS OF TURKISH YOUNG NATIONAL WRESTLING TEAM PLAYERS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anger level and emphatic concern of young wrestlers and determine the relationship between anger expression and empathic dispositions of Turkish young national wrestling team players. The study was conducted in 46 wrestlers from Turkish young national wrestling team whose ages differed from 17 to 20 19.0 ± 0.82 . The Interpersonal Reactivity Index: IRI which was developed by Davis 1980 and translated into Turkish by Engeler 2005 and the Anger Expression Inventory which was developed by Spielberger 1988 and translated into Turkish by Özer 1994 have been used for collecting data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were employed to test whether or not scores obtained from the inventory followed a normal distribution before the statistical analyses of the data were initiated and it was found out that observation values did not follow a normal distribution. Since there is not a normal distribution of the data non-parametric correlation test Spearman Correlation was performed. Statistical analyses of the data obtained were performed using Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v19 program. Minimum and maximum values of the mean scores obtained from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Anger Expression Inventory subscales were presented in tables. The analysis showed that there is a significant relationship p

Keywords:

Anger Expression, Empathic Dispositions, Wrestlers,

PDF

___

1. Baron, R. A. (1983) Behavior in organizations. New York: Allyn & Bacon, NC.
2. Certel Z and Bahadır Z. (2012). Analysis of the Relationship between Self Esteem, Trait Anger and Anger Expression in Athletes Making Team Sports. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 14(2): 157-164.
3. Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
4. Davis, M. H. (1994). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Madison, WI: Brown and Benchmark.
5. Dodge, K. A. (1991). The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), Development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 201–218). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
6. Dymond, R. A. (1949). Scale for the Measurement of Empathic Ability. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 13, 127-133.
7. Engeler, A. (2005). Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder. Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul University.
8. Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 91–119.
9. Feshbach S. (1964). The function of aggression and the regulation of aggressive drive. Psychological Review, 71:257-272.
10. Foster, Y. A. (1997) Brief Aikido Training Versus Karate and Golf Training and University Students' Scores on SelfEsteem, Anxiety, and Expression of Anger. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84: 609-610.
11. Goleman, D. P. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ for Character, Health and Lifelong Achievement. Bantam Books, New York.
12. Kroll, W., & Carlson, B.R. (1967). Discriminant Function and Hierarchical Grouping Analysis of Karate Participants' Personality Profiles. Research Quarterly. 38: 405-411.
13. Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
14. Martin, R., Watson, D., & Wan, C.K. (2000). A three factor model of trait anger: Dimensions of affect, behavior, and cognition. Journal of Personality, 68, 869–897.
15. Miller, P. A., & Eisenberg, N. (1988). The relation of empathy to aggressive and externalizing/antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 324-344.
16. Özer, A. K. (1994). Sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzı ölçekleri ön çalışması. Türk Psikologlar Dergisi, 9 (31), 12- 25. [In Turkish]
17. Pithers, W. D. (1994). Process evaluation of a group therapy component designed to enhance sex offenders’ empathy for sexual abuse survivors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(5), 565-570.
18. Savaşır, I. ve Şahin, N.H. (1997). Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: sık kullanılan ölçekler. Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. No:9. Özyurt Matbaacılık. [In Turkish]
19. Spielberger C. D. (1988). Professional manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Odessa FL: Psychological Assessment resources
20. Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E.H., Russell, S.F., Crane, R.J., Jacobs, G.A., & Worden, T.I. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders. New York: Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill.
21. Stotland, E. (1969). Exploratory investigations of empathy. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. 4, 271-314.
22. Tekin A., Tekin G., Eliöz M. (2011). Examining the Aggressiveness and Anger Levels of Kick-Boxers Considering Some Variables, Turkish Kick Boxing Federation Journal of Sport Science, 4 (1).
23. Werner, N. E., & Crick, N. R. (2004). Maladaptive Peer Relationships and the Development of Relational and Physical Aggression during Middle Childhood. Social Development, 13, 495−514.