Türkiye Ormanlarında Net Birincil Üretim ve Bazı İklim Değişkenleri Arasındaki Zamansal İlişki: 2000-2019

İklim değişikliğinin bitki örtüsü üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak, aralarındaki etkileşimi yorumlamada faydalı bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Bu tür çalışmalar özellikle karasal ekosistemlerde önemli bir karbon deposu olan ormanlar ile iklim arasındaki karmaşık ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmak için oldukça etkilidir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ormanlarına odaklanılarak 2000-2019 yılları sürecinde yıllık toplam net birincil üretim (NBÜ) ile ortalama sıcaklık (°C) ve ortalama yağış (mm) parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) uydu görüntüsünden NBÜ haritası, Coordination of Information on the Environment Project (CORINE) sisteminden orman tipleri haritası ve Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden temin edilen iklim parametreleri materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre en düşük yıllık ortalama sıcaklık 12,8 °C (2011), en yüksek ise 15,1 °C (2010, 2018) bulunmuştur. En düşük ve en yüksek yağış miktarı 2008 (493,1 mm) ve 2009 (793,8 mm) yıllarında tespit edilmiştir. 2000-2019 yılları sürecinde Türkiye ormanlarında en yüksek yıllık ortalama NBÜ miktarları 2013 (797,1 gC m2 yıl) ve 2019 (795,4 gC m2 yıl) yıllarında elde edilmiştir. Orman tipleri arasında 20 yıllık en yüksek ortalama NBÜ geniş yapraklı ormanlar için bulunmuştur (800,7 gC m2 yıl). Çalışmanın genel sonucu olarak yıllık ortalama yağış miktarındaki kısmi azalma Türkiye ormanlarının yıllık net üretimini olumsuz yönde etkilememiştir. Yıllık ortalama sıcaklıktaki artış ise ormanların yıllık NBÜ miktarlarına pozitif etki yapmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Net birincil üretim, iklim, CORINE, MODIS

Temporal Relationship Between Net Primary Production and Some Climate Variables in Türkiye Forests: 2000-2019

Investigating the effects of climate change on vegetation provides useful information in interpreting the interactions between them. Such studies are particularly effective in revealing the complex relationships between climate and forests, which are an important carbon store in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, focusing on the forests of Turkey, the relationships between the annual total net primary productivity (NPP), mean temperature (°C) and mean precipitation (mm) parameters during the years 2000-2019 were examined. In the study, the NPP map obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite image, the forest type maps obtained from the Coordination of Information on the Environment Project (CORINE) system and the climate parameters obtained from the General Directorate of Meteorology were used as materials. According to the results obtained in the study, the lowest annual mean temperature was 12.8 °C (2011) and the highest was 15.1 °C (2010, 2018). The lowest and highest precipitation was determined in 2008 (493.1 mm) and 2009 (793.8 mm). During the period 2000-2019, the highest annual mean NPP amounts in Turkish forests were obtained in 2013 (797.1 gC m2 year) and 2019 (795.4 gC m2 year). Among forest types, the highest 20-year mean NPP was found for broad-leaved forests (800.7 gC m2 year). As a general result of the study, the partial decrease in the annual mean precipitation did not negatively affect the annual net production of Turkey's forests. The increase in annual mean temperature had a positive effect on the annual NPP amounts of forests.

Keywords:

Net primary productivity, climate, CORINE, MODIS,

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